248 Ford — Growth of Mineralogy, 1818 to 1918. 



regions of error; and often much and long labor is required 

 before the science recovers from these backward steps. ' ' 



J. Lawrence Smith was born in 1818 and died in 1883. 

 He was a graduate of the University of Virginia and of 

 the Medical College of Charleston and later spent three 

 years studying in Paris. Shortly after the completion 

 of his studies he went to Turkey as an advisor to the 

 government of that country in connection with the grow- 

 ing of cotton there. During this time he investigated the 

 emery mines of Asia Minor, and wrote a memoir upon 

 them which was later published by the French Academy. 

 He served as professor of chemistry in the University of 

 Virginia and later held the same chair in the University 

 of Illinois. He published a long series of papers on the 

 chemical composition of minerals and meteorites, as well 

 as on pure chemical subjects. Among the more notable 

 of his contributions are the " Memoir on Emery " (1850), 

 a series of papers on the "Reexamination of American 

 Minerals'' (1853) written with the collaboration of 

 George J. Brush, and his "Memoir on Meteorites" 

 (1855). 



George J. Brush entered on his scientific career at the 

 moment when science and scientific methods of research 

 were just beginning to be appreciated in this country, 

 and he soon became one of the leading pioneers in the 

 movement. While his half century of active service was 

 largely occupied by administrative duties in connection 

 with the Sheffield Scientific School, his interest in min- 

 eralogy never flagged. His papers on mineralogical sub- 

 jects number about thirty, all of which were published in 

 this Journal. These began in 1849, even before his 

 graduation from college, and continued until his last 

 paper (in collaboration with S. L. Penfield) appeared in 

 1883. Three of the early papers were written with 

 J. Lawrence Smith as noted above. These papers first set 

 in this country the standard for thorough and accurate 

 scientific mineral investigation. Later in life he was 

 active in the development of the remarkable mineral 

 locality at Branchville, Conn., and, with the collaboration 

 of E. S. Dana, published in this Journal (1878-90) five 

 important articles on its minerals. This locality, with the 

 exception of the zinc deposits at Franklin Furnace, N. J., 

 was the most remarkable yet discovered in this country. 

 Nearly forty different mineral species were found there, 



