Coe — A Century of Zoology in America. 363 



tied "Invertebrata of Massachusetts; Mollusca, Crus- 

 tacea, Annelida and Radiata" was published by A. A. 

 Gould in 1841, which contains all the New England 

 species of these groups known to that date. 



Lea, Totten, Adams, Barnes, Gould, Binney, Conrad, 

 Hildreth, Haldeman, were the principal writers on mol- 

 lusks. The Crustacea were studied by Say, Gould, Halde- 

 man, Dana; the insects by Say, Melsheimer, Peck, 

 Harris, Kirby, Herrick ; the spiders by Hentz ; the worms 

 by Lee ; the coelenterates and echinoderms by Say, Man- 

 tell and others. 



The history of entomology in the United States pre- 

 vious to 1846 is given by John G. Morris in this Journal 

 (1, 17, 1846). In this article F. V. Melsheimer is stated 

 to be the father of American Entomology, while Say was 

 the most prolific writer. Say's entomological papers, 

 edited by J. L. Le Conte, were completely reprinted with 

 their colored illustrations in 1859. The first economic 

 treatise is that by Harris on Insects injurious to Vege- 

 tation, printed in 1841. This has had many editions. 

 The Entomological Society of Pennsylvania was formed 

 in 1842. 



The establishment of this Journal gave a further impe- 

 tus to the scientific activities of Americans in furnishing 

 a convenient means for publishing the results of their 

 work. In the first volume of the Journal, for example, 

 are two zoological articles by Say and a dozen short 

 articles on various topics by Rafinesque, the latter being 

 curious combinations of facts and fancy. Most of the 

 zoological papers appearing in its first series of 50 vol- 

 umes are characteristic of an undeveloped science in an 

 undeveloped country. They deal, naturally, with obser- 

 vational studies on the structure and classification of 

 species discovered in a virgin field, with notes on habits 

 and life histories. 



Many of the papers are purely systematic and include 

 the first descriptions of numerous species of our mol- 

 lusks, Crustacea, insects, vertebrates and other groups. 

 Of these, the writings of C. B. Adams, Barnes, A. A. 

 Gould and Totten on mollusks, of J. D. Dana on corals 

 and Crustacea, of Harris on insects, of Harlan on reptiles, 

 and of Jeffries Wyman and D. Humphreys Storer on 

 fishes are representative and important. 



The progress of zoology in America during the first 



