Coe — A Century of Zoology in America. 385 



been of equal service in securing for biology the high 

 plane it now occupies in American science. The leading 

 spirit in the establishment of this laboratory and its 

 director for many years was Charles 0. Whitman. 



Successful marine laboratories are located also at Cold 

 Spring Harbor, Long Island ; at Harpswell, Maine ; and 

 at Bermuda. The Carnegie Institution maintains a lab- 

 oratory at Tortugas Island, Florida, for the investigation 

 of tropical marine life. 



On the Pacific Coast marine laboratories are located 

 at Pacific Grove and at La Jolla, California, and at Fri- 

 day Harbor, Washington. Several other biological lab- 

 oratories are open each Summer on our coasts, as well as 

 a number of fresh-water laboratories on the interior 

 lakes. There are also several mountain laboratories. 

 The influence of these laboratories on American biology 

 is immeasurable. 



Natural History Museums. 



Museums of Natural History or " Cabinets of Natural 

 Curios" as they were sometimes called, were established 

 in the first half of the 19th century in connection with the 

 various natural history societies. These were of much 

 service in stimulating the collection of zoological "speci- 

 mens" and in arousing a popular interest in natural 

 history. 



The zoological museum of earlier days consisted of 

 rows on rows of systematically arranged specimens, each 

 carefully labelled with scientific name, locality, date of 

 collection and donor — much like the pages of a catalogue. 

 All this has now been changed ; the bottles of specimens 

 have been relegated to the storeroom, and the great 

 plate glass cases of the modern museum represent indi- 

 vidual studies in the various fields of modern zoological 

 research, or individual chapters in the latest biological 

 text-books. Often the talent of the artist and the skill 

 of the taxidermist are cunningly combined to produce 

 most realistic bits of nature. 



The United States National Museum, the American 

 Museum of Natural History, the Field Columbian Museum 

 and the Museum of Comparative Zoology are among the 

 finest museums of the world, while many of the states, 

 cities, and universities maintain public museums as a 

 part of their educational systems. 



Am. Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XLVI, No. 271.— July, 1918. 

 13 



