486 Hackh — Modification of the Periodic Table. 



ber of an element is the mathematical expression of 

 their valence on the basis of oxygen = — 2, according to 

 Bray and Branch. 22 A table of all the polar numbers is 

 given in Table II which gives also an indication of the 

 character of the compounds. It will be noted that the 





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1 H 



2 He 









18 A 







36 Kr 







54 Xe 







3 Li 



<D 





19 K 



<& 





37 Rb 









55 Cs 









4 Be 









20 Ca 









38 Sr 









56 Ba 



ID 





5 B 



e 





21 Sc 









39 Y 









57 La 









6 C 



— : 





22 Ti 



OOfc 





40 Zr 



: 





58 Ce 



od 





7 N 



oo@c 



§ 



23 V 



oOc 



3 



41 Cb 



oOc 



3 



59 Pr 







o 



8 







24 Cr 



oO 



9 



42 Mo 



ooC 



00 



60 Nd 









9 F 



f 







25 Mn 



oo: 



) 00 



43 





. 



61 







10 Ne 







'26 Fe 



00 



6 



44 Ru 



ooC 



oo9 



82 Sm 









11 Na 









27 Co 



Oc 



) 



45 Rh 



oOc 



> 



63 Eu 









as 









28 Ni 



Oo 





46 Pd 



oo : 



) 



64 Gd 









8 





29 Cu 



oO 





47 Ag 



48 CD 









65 Tb 









14 Si 



o 



3 



30 Zn 



8 











66 Dy 









15 P 



% 



59 



31 Ga 









49 In 



ooO 





67 Ho 









16 S 



% 



3 % 



32 Ge 







3 



50 Sn 



; 



) 



68 Er 









17 CI 



£ o 



00 © 



33 As 



e 



"8 



51 Sb 



Oc 



).3 



69 Tm" 









18 A 





34 Se 



9 



o 9 



52 Te 



SI « 



) e 



70 Tm' 















35 Br 



9 o 



o © 



53 I 



o 



§ 



71 Yb 















36 Kr 







54 Xe 







72 Lu 



o( 



> 



















73'Ta 

 74 W 



0< 

 ( 



)0 



:o6 











75 







Positive Polarnumbers of 





76 Os 



00( 



) 



= stable compounds 



• - " " " " " , oxides of st 





77 Ir 



00( 



: o 



,rong basic charac- 



78 Pt 



04 





= " " ti n .t » tt ,. we 



ak " " ^ter 



79 Au 









8 = " " " " " " " an 



iphoteric 



80 Hg 



81 Tt 



00 





_ ii t» it ii n ii .t W£ 



ak acid " " 









@ B * .. .... tt ., n si 



/rong acid " " 

 )Ounds 



82 Pb 



oO ( 



-\ 



1 o = unstable or little knov/n coim; 



83 Bi 



oO 



30 





84 Po 





, 



Negative Polarnumbers of 





85 





. 



_ = mainly stable compounds. 





Q6 Nt 

 87 

 88 Ra 



'© 





"OXIDATION" is the augmentation of 

 that is the increase in valency, v 



' the polarnumber, 

 fhile the reverse 



89 Ac 



. 





"REDUCTION" is the diminution of i 



he polarnumber, 



90 Th 



( 





e.g. the change from ferrous = 2 i 



,o ferric = 3, and 



91 Bv 





. 



from ferric = to ferrate = 6 is "c 



xidation". 



92 U 



0c( 



:o9 



Table II. The polar numbers (valence) of the elements. 



first and second periods are analogous, also the third 

 and fourth, while in the fifth we recognize in the begin- 

 ning and end the analogy. The first five and the last 

 eight elements of each period are similar to each other, 

 as was exactly the case in fig. 1. 



