"Miocene Flora" of Sakhalin. 503 



sperms, all collected in lower coastal outcrops, as well as 

 the entire absence of any of these in the flora of upper 

 exposures, leads me to regard the former as really 

 Cretaceous. 



The paleobotanical explorations along the sea shore 

 to the south and to the north from the capital of Russian 

 Sakhalin, Alexandrovsk, disclosed many Cretaceous out- 

 crops, not yet fully determined. 



The presence of the Cretaceous flora in Sakhalin is 

 particularly important because in Russia as well as in the 

 countries of the Far East we have only meager Creta- 

 ceous floras of Angiosperms, notwithstanding that Cre- 

 taceous rocks are widely distributed, as was recently 

 noticed by Berry in the description of the Lower Cre- 

 taceous of Maryland. Except some fossil woods and 

 Lower Cretaceous forms from the Province of Moscow, 4 

 and the Ryoseki flora of Japan, 5 we know but one Angio- 

 sperm flora from Ural Province, 6 one leaf of Cretaceous 

 Platanus conf. Heeri Lesq. from Turkestan, 7 and some 

 plants from Hokkaido, mostly preserved as petrified 

 fragments. 8 In a subsequent paragraph I will indicate 

 that some floras of Siberia, hitherto believed to be Ter- 

 tiary, partly even Miocene, must be regarded rather as 

 Cretaceous after the present elucidation of the composi- 

 tion of the vegetation during the Cretaceous period in 

 Sakhalin. 



Geological sketch of the area. 



In addition to the Paleozoic rocks, without any organic 

 remains except Radiolaria, and chiefly limited in the 

 eastern part of Sakhalin, the Russian Sakhalin, espe- 

 cially its western part, is made up of Cretaceous, Terti- 

 ary and Postpliocene deposits. Former interpretations 

 of the geology of the island, based upon the plant 

 fossils, may now be regarded as wrong. 



Geographically in this part of Sakhalin the Coast 



4 Trautschold, 1876, Der Klin'sche Sandstein in Kussland, Nouv. Memoires 

 de la Soc. Imper. des Nat. de Moscou, vol. 13, p. 191. 



5 Yokoyama, 1894, Mesozoic Plants from Kozuke, Kii, Awa, and Tosa, 

 Jour. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 7, p. 3. 



6 Kryshtofovich, 1914, The discovery of the Angiosperm Flora in the 

 Cretaceous of Ural Province, Bull, de PAcad. Imper., 1914, p. 603. 



7 Eomanowsky, 1890, Materialien zur Geologie von Turkestan, vol. 3, 

 p. 139. 



8 See Stopes, 1913, The Cretaceous flora, Bibliography. 



