CHAPTER VII 



THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM 



THE URINARY ORGANS 



The structures concerned with the processes of urine secretion 

 and expulsion, and those that have to do with reproduction are 

 studied together, because some of them serve both as passages 

 for the urine and the products of the genital organs. 



Ureters 



Anterior mesenteric 

 artery (stump) 



Renal arteries 



Fig. 45. — Kidneys and adrenal glands of horse, ventral view. Photographs of 

 organs hardened in situ. (Sisson, Anatomy of Domestic Animals.) 



The urinary organs consist of the kidneys, the ureters, the 

 bladder, and the urethra. 



The kidneys are paired glands having a smooth surface in the 

 horse, sheep, and hog; but lobulated in the ox. They are found 

 highly developed in the most primitive animals in which even such 

 important structures as the lungs and brain are undeveloped. 

 This shows that they are highly essential organs. The right 



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