182 PRINCIPLES OP VETERINARY SCIENCE 



gets considerably thinner. It requires about twelve months 

 for the wall to grow from the coronet to the ground at the toe, 

 six to eight months at the quarters, and three to five months at 

 the heels. 



The sole is that horn nurtured by the sensitive tissue covering 

 the sole surface of the coffin bone. It is divided into a body and 



Fig. 59. — Right fore hoof, ground surface: 1, Wall at toe; 2, lamiase of wall; 

 3, angle of wall; 4, bar; 5, sole; 5', angle of sole; 6, white line (junction of wall 

 and sole); 7, point of frog; 8, median cleft of frog; 9, 9, lateral clefts of frog; 

 10, 10, bulbs of hoof at the heels. (Sisson, Anatomy of Domestic Animals.) 



two branches and is crescent shaped. The sole should be dis- 

 tinctly vaulted. The horn of the sole is friable, brittle, and flaky. 

 Flakes of dead horn gradually loosen and fall off. They should 

 never be pared away with the knife. The outer border of the 

 sole is 'beveled to correspond to the slope of the wall. It does 

 not come directly in contact with the wall, but is separated by 

 the white line of soft horn. This line is of great importance to 



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