DISEASE IN GENERAL 217 



On the other hand, carbolic acid is not so reliable as some of the 

 other disinfectants on the market. Coal-tar derivatives, under 

 various trade names, are useful, but the phenol coefficient or 

 germicidal capacity of each should be obtained from a trust- 

 worthy source before reliance is placed in them, as their disin- 

 fectant properties vary widely. Best results are obtained when 

 a solution is being made, if the water is added to the coal-tar 

 product rather than vice versa. 



Fumigation is the process of destroying germs and insects by 

 the employment of poisonous gaseous agents. It is impracticable 

 in most cases on account of the impossibility of making the 

 building airtight. When this can be done, formaldehyd or 

 carbon disulphid may be used to fumigate. 



Sunlight is the disinfectant provided by nature. It reduces 

 the vitality of all germs and actually destroys many kinds. 

 When it is admitted freely to the stable, it prevents both the 

 contracting and spread of disease. Reliance, however, should not 

 be placed entirely in sunlight as a destroyer of bacteria, but it is 

 effective as an accessory to the other agents mentioned above. 



(7) Deep Burial. — This method may be used to dispose of 

 animal carcasses. The precaution of digging the grave deep 

 enough so that dogs and other animals cannot exhume the 

 carcass must be taken. Sprinkling the remains with quicklime 

 before covering with dirt is an additional safeguard. 



(8) The Use of Conditioners.- — Conditioners are agents that 

 aid in maintaining the animal's condition by stimulating the 

 appetite and keeping the stomach and bowels free from worms. 

 They should be kept in covered boxes and within reach of all 

 animals when they are turned out in the yard or pasture. The 

 principal ingredients of most conditioners are salt and charcoal. 

 The following formula has been used with success at the Wiscon- 

 sin Argicultural Experiment Station: Common salt 280 pounds, 

 dried iron sulphate 16 pounds, powdered wood charcoal 12 pounds, 

 flowers of sulphur 8 pounds. These materials should be well 

 mixed or ground together to make a powder. 



(9) The Slaughter of Infected or Exposed Animals. — This is 

 the so-called stamping out method by which infectious diseases 

 may be controlled or eradicated when the methods previously 

 mentioned are impracticable or impossible to carry out. In cases 

 of disease which terminate fatally in the majority of instances, 



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