UNSOUNDNESSES, BLEMISHES, AND VICES 



271 



that the legs from the knees downward are placed too far under 

 the body, and the knees are bent backward; this is termed "calf- 

 knee" (Fig. 69). Backward deviation, where only the cannon 

 bone is affected and the horse stands bent forward at the knees, 

 is called "goat-knee," "buck-knee," "over-in-the-knees," or 

 ' ' knee sprung " (Fig. 70) . Foals from birth may be knee-sprung, 

 or even unable to stand at all, as a result of contracture in the 



Fig. 67. — Pigeon-toe. 



Fig. 68.— Splay-foot. 



flexor tendons. Good results have been obtained by applying 

 extension splints to the leg. It may be necessary even to section 

 the two flexor tendons of the knee at the lower end of the forearm 

 to get relief, if the contractions are very marked. 



In the hind limbs we may observe the "cow-hocked" position, 

 where the hocks are too close together and turn toward each 

 other, while the feet are widely separated and the toes turn out- 

 ward (Fig. 71). From the side may be noticed the forward 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



