OTHER NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 341 



during the winter months is an effective method of preventing 

 goiter. 



HEAT- AND SUNSTROKE 



These affections occur from disturbances of the heat dissipation 

 center in the brain. In their most typical form they occur while 

 the animal is at work in the sun. Then there is more heat pro- 

 duced internally than when at rest, and the atmospheric tem- 

 perature is often somewhat above that of the body. After the 

 sweat-glands have become fatigued from excessive activity, so 

 that they no longer function properly, there is a greater proba- 

 bility of these diseases occurring. One attack predisposes 

 the animal to a second attack. 



Causes. — As stated, the causes are direct action of the sun and 

 excessive atmospheric tempera bure. Very fat hogs are especially 

 susceptible to overheating, so should be handled very carefully 

 in hot weather. Overcrowding in yards, shipping racks, and cars 

 under these conditions is very dangerous. 



Symptoms. — A quick, hard pulse, cutaneous circulation at 

 low ebb, congestion of the blood in the lungs, panting, and dizzi- 

 ness are the usual symptoms. The temperature may be 108°F. 

 or higher in sunstroke cases. The patient may become greatly 

 excited and go into a perfect frenzy. This is often followed by 

 unconsciousness, convulsions and death from respiratory arrest. 



Treatment. — When an animal is overcome by heat get it into 

 a shady place, wash out its mouth and nostrils, sponge its body, 

 and shower its legs with cold water. Assistance must be prompt 

 or it will be useless. Cold packs are to be constantly kept upon 

 the head, or the water from a garden hose allowed to play gently on 

 the head. Two ounces of aromatic spirits of ammonia or 2 

 ounces of sweet spirits of niter should be administered in a pint 

 of water every two hours until relief is apparent. 



HEAVES 



Heaves is a chronic, non-infectious condition of difficult breath- 

 ing in which the act of expiration is longer than that of inspiration. 

 Heaves is not accompanied by fever and is not directly fatal. 

 The chief pathologic change is confined to the lungs, the thin 

 delicate air-sacs of which break down and lose their normal con- 



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