SOME COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 



365 



warm water and disinfected with tincture of iodin, 4 per cent, 

 carbolic acid solution, or other suitable disinfectant. Pigs may- 

 be restrained for the operation by holding them with the hands; 

 large hogs by snubbing to a post (Fig. 94). 





Fig. 94. — Method of restraining and vaccinating a large hog. 



INFLUENZA 



Influenza is a disease of horses that oftenest occurs when these 

 animals are brought together in large numbers for shipment, 

 hence the common name "shipping fever." From its resem- 

 blance to epidemic influenza of man, it has been called "the flu." 

 It usually runs a course of about one week, has a mortality of 5 

 per cent, and is complicated by lung, bowel, and other affections 

 that are fatal or greatly impair the usefulness of the horse. 



Cause. — Although a number of different organisms have been 

 isolated from infected animals, none has yet been proved to be the 

 sole cause. There is no question that it is of microbial origin. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms during the incubation period, 

 which lasts from one to three days, are chills, fever up to 104° or 

 105°F., depression, and loss of appetite. Some attacks are charac- 



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