The Digestive System. ?>1 



the right hand to elevate the upper lip; in order to do so 

 the examiner swings round in front of, and faces the 

 horse. It is advisable in all cases when examining a 

 strange animal to be on the alert, so as to avoid bites or 

 kicks and blows from the front feet; the trained horseman 

 is always on the alert. 



The examination of the sheep's mouth calls for a pre- 

 cise method, so as to limit the struggling of the animal 

 and allow of an accurate result being obtained. The 

 sheep being caught, the examiner stands on the left side 

 of the animal, and while applying pressure with the 

 right knee to the left shoulder, by means of the right 

 hand and arm, draws the head towards the right side; 

 the right elbow and forearm fit in tightly to the shoulder 

 and neck of the sheep. The fingers now come into play, 

 the forefinger (index) of the left hand being placed in 

 the horizontal position, and therefore parallel to the up- 

 per lip, gently elevates it, the thumb of the right hand 

 at the same moment, also in the horizontal position, 

 gently lowers the under lip, thus the teeth are brought 

 well in the view and the animal being held fast cannot 

 struggle. Skill in handling animals for various pur- 

 poses is shown by the avoidance of any rough or harsh 

 measures. 



The apparatus for masticating food have been de- 

 scribed, the processes will now be under discussion. 



Mastication is the process of grinding food in the mouth, 

 thus fitting the food for the action of the stomach juices. 

 All grain eating animals need this process to break the 

 envelopes of the grain so that the digestive juices may 

 act; crushing (chopping) the grain renders the work of 



