CHAPTEE V. 

 THE PROCESS OF BREEDING. 



Reproduction. The reproductive function in animals 

 is one of great moment to the stockman, because accord- 

 ing as their fecundity (fruitfulness) is above or below 

 the average, so will his income likely be above or 

 below the average. In ordinary cases a knowledge of 

 the anatomy and physiology of the generative organs is 

 not needed, but in the extraordinary cases — such as dis- 

 inclination to breed, retention of the afterbirth or other 

 unnatural conditions — such knowledge is absolutely es- 

 sential to the stockman's financial success. 



The generative process may be considered as one of 

 the ordinary methods of growing farm crops. The ele- 

 ment (semen) of the male constitutes the seed, the womb 

 (uterus) of the female the soil in which the seed is 

 planted, under natural conditions, the crop (offspring) 

 is assured. The generative organs of the male are quite 

 different to those of the female in appearance, yet anala- 

 gous in their origin, for example, the clitoris in the 

 female corresponds to the penis, the ovaries to the tes- 

 ticles, and so on. 



The Male Organs. The cod, bag, sac (scrotum) con- 

 tains the stones or testicles, and is located between, or 

 behind (as in the pig) the thighs. It has several coats 

 derived from the skin, and from some of the abdominal 

 muscles, externally it shows a line or raphe, thus divid- 



