66 Veterinary Elements. 



sheath. In bovines the penis is long and thin, the sheath 

 longer than in the horse. The peculiarity in the male 

 organ of ruminants (cattle and sheep) is the S-shaped 

 curve which permits of rapid extension of that organ, 

 but prevents the passage of a catheter. The end of the 

 penis of the ram is marked by a small thiu projection, 

 the icorm as it is called by shepherds; the removal of 

 this worm (often performed in Great Britain to prevent 

 the stoppage of small stones in the urethra) is said to 

 render a ram infertile 1 



The semen (spermatic fluid) is a sticky white fluid 

 with a peculiar odor; it contains numerous little objects 

 with ovoid heads and wavy tails known as spermatozoa, 

 by means of the wavy movement they are enabled to 

 make their way up the fallopian tubes of the female. 



The Female Reproductive Organs are the ovaries, fallo- 

 pian tubes, womb (uterus), vagina, vulva. The ovaries 

 are situated below and behind the kidneys, fastened to 

 the uterine ligament; they are bluish or reddish white 

 in color, and although smaller, resemble the testicles in 

 shape. The ovaries are the birthplace of the ovum (egg). 

 Two crooked tubes, one from each ovary, convey the 

 ovum to the horns of the womb, these tubes are lodged 

 in the folds of the broad ligament. The womb (uterus) 

 is a musculo-membranous organ with very distensible 

 walls, situated in the pelvic cavity and below the loin 

 and croup. The uterus is said to have a body, horns 

 and neck (os). The horns (in the mare) are directed 

 upwards and forwards, in the cow downwards. The back 

 part of the womb is narrowed to form the neck (os) 

 which projects into the vagina. In the mare the womb 



