190 Veterinary Elements. 



formation. The absorption of more or less of the excess 

 of callus follows, usually taking several months or longer 

 to be performed, before this occurs the point of union is 

 shown by an enlargement. Briefly the treatment of frac- 

 tures consists in bringing the broken parts together, se- 

 curing them in that position by splints and bandages, 

 usually left on six to seven weeks, drainage and antisep- 

 tic treatment of the fracture if a compound one, entire 

 rest of the patient for at least three months, in a well- 

 bedded (short material, such as cut straw, shavings, saw- 

 dust, being used) box, give good, nutritious, laxative food 

 and plenty of green meat if available. Fractures may 

 be detected by the presence of sudden, severe lameness, 

 deformity of the part, which can be moved in unnatural 

 directions, great pain, fever, and the grating (crepitus) 

 of the ends of the bones together. Fracture of the tibia 

 (bone of the lower thigh) sometimes occurs without dis- 

 placement, being held in place by the strong periosteum. 

 Fractures in old horses are always dangerous, in younger 

 horses there is possibility of repair, if given proper treat- 

 ment and nursing; fractures of the hind legs are more 

 serious than those of the fore ones, in the former if above 

 the hock, unless in very young animals, are usually not 

 worth treating. Surgical operations are better avoided 

 if possible during fly time or ir animals far advanced in 

 pregnancy. 



Dehorning is a surgical operation usually performed 

 on cattle, by which they are rendered more tame, and 

 consequently more easily, handled. My experience is 

 that if properly done bad results are very few; cattle 

 will often go right to eating; some cows will not even 



