The Common Farm Operations. 193 



used being known as the trocar, a pointed rod, and the 

 canula, a hoilow tube; it can also be used for~ringing 

 bulls. The operation is performed in the upper left flank 

 at a point equidistant from the point of the hip, the last 

 rib and the bones of the loin, the instrument being ap- 

 plied to the point described, is given a sharp tap and 

 pushed in its fall length, the trocar withdrawn, the gas 

 then rushes out of the canula, which may be left in for 

 five or ten minutes. The paunch is the organ tapped in 

 cattle and sheep; the tapping of horses should be left to 

 the veterinarian. Eumenotomy is an extension of this 

 operation for the removal of food in cases of impacted 

 rumen; the operation which is done, consists of the 

 opening and removal of its contents and sewing up by 

 the veterinarian, it should not be left to the eleventh 

 hour. Good results follow when performed early and 

 with antiseptic precautions. 



Simple wounds of teats may be treated antiseptically, 

 and the use of strips of adhesive plaster to draw the 

 wound edges together. 



Castration is usually performed on colts, at a year old; if 

 light in the neck and forequarters may be left until two 

 years. The operation is done either in the standing or lying 

 position; the first is hazardous and requires an agile and 

 expert man, the disadvantages being that one cannot see 

 what is being done, and if ruptures etc., are present one 

 is not in a position to overcome them; if lying down the 

 colt is thrown and secured as described (p. 182.), a clean 

 grassy spot being preferable. This operation should not 

 be performed unless the colt is in good health, and the 

 lis 



