196 Veterinary Elements. 



them down and taking them one at a time invert them 

 and revolve them three times around the cord or until 

 it is twisted tight. This you will find is not the easiest 

 job until you get on to it. You can tell when the cord 

 is twisted tight by passing the finger along and feeling 

 the spiral condition and the hardness. When you get 

 one twisted let it draw up into the socket so it will not 

 turn back right end up, while you operate on the other 

 one. Having them both done tie the sac close up with 

 a soft cord. Tie tight enough to prevent them coming 

 down and turning back. Cut the strings off aftSr 24 to 

 36 hours." — Curtiss and Edgerton, Iowa Agricultural 

 College.] In this method germ infection, so much 

 dreaded in rams, is avoided. Another method lauded 

 by some, and which has been tried at the Station (W. 

 E. S. ) is to tie a strong cord around the sac or cod as 

 close to the body and as tight as possible, three days 

 later the sac and stones are cut away about an inch below 

 the cord and an antiseptic applied to the cut end. 



Caponizing is the operation performed in removing 

 the testes of poultry. 



Spaying or castration of females may be performed in 

 the sow, bitch and cow, rarely in the mare unless a bad 

 (vicious) actor (e. g., switcher and kicker) in harness, 

 the surgeon should be called to operate on mares, and 

 unless the stockman is expert on the heifers also. Fe- 

 males thus operated on fatten more readily and are not 

 subject to the periods of heat; if a sow it is placed on its 

 right side and secured, the upper hind leg being 

 stretched backwards, an imision is made vertically just 

 below the region of the loin, the hand passed in up 



