226 Veterinary' Elements. 



harness are quite hot, and if the gear is removed at once 

 the parts become chilled and a congested swelling results 

 unless a brisk rubbing is given the parts, the use of a 

 strong solution of alum and water or salt and water to 

 the shoulders after removal of the harness will serve to 

 toughen the parts; if sores result they should be treated 

 as ordinary wounds, in some cases they are slow to heal, 

 e. g., at the top of the neck, in that case needing the 

 stimulating effects of some blistering material to increase 

 the blood supply to the parts, while the chronic sores of 

 the shoulder often take on a hard toughened appearance, 

 being termed — sitfasts — such a condition will need the 

 surgeon's attention. A sudden swelling often results 

 from the use of a collar too small, it is not an abscess 

 containing pus, but a swelling containing serum, which 

 on being let out resembles bloody water, such cases early 

 require careful attention and the veterinarian in order to 

 make prompt recoveries, if left they get hard and are a 

 continual cause of sore shoulder, eventually calling for 

 the knife. Capped knees are quite common in cattle, 

 often the result of lack of bedding in the stalls, in the 

 early stages bathe with hot water and apply a liniment, 

 later on the knife or the insertion of a seton (a piece of 

 tape) through the enlargement from top to bottom. 



Splints are bony enlargements on the cannon which 

 connect it with the small splint bones, and are the result 

 of inflammation caused by concussions. Young horses are 

 very liable, the scrub more so than the pure-bred, owing 

 to the inferior quality of the bone (see page 5, anat. ). 

 In order to detect them, although in many cases they are 

 easily seen, the finger and thumb are passed down over 



