Contagious Diseases and Their Suppression. 259 



enlarged, as is the liver. The only effective treatment 

 is of the preventive character, by inoculation with the 

 blood serum of an affected animal. 



Anthrax is a rapidly fatal disease of cattle and other 

 animals, the result of the inroads of the anthrax germ. 

 The suddenness of attack, ending in death in from a few 

 hours to a few days, high fever, congestion of mucous 

 membranes, bloody discharges from natural openings' of 

 the body, signs of brain congestion, such as excitement, 

 bellowing, convulsions, stupor, and death; difficult, 

 rapid breathing, and as previous symptoms indigestion, 

 constipation, diminished vivacity. The treatment is 

 entirely of the preventive order, the use of anthrax vac- 

 cine. Burn all carcasses or sprinkle with quicklime, 

 handle as little as possible, as this disease is more or less 

 deadly to the human being, hence one should never hold 

 a post mortem on such a case, neither should the animal 

 be skinned; tanners and wool sorters sometimes become 

 infected with this disease through hides and fleeces. 



Lumpy jaw (actinomycosis) is due to the invasion of 

 the tissues by the ray fungus. This disease is quite com- 

 mon in cattle, usually showing itself in those animals by 

 enlargements of the lower jaw, in the early stages the 

 lumps are quite movable, later on the jaw bone becomes 

 affected; occasionally the upper jaw is affected or the 

 tumors are found on the skin of the head and neck; may 

 be in the pharynx when they cause difficulty in swallow- 

 ing; the tongue is rarely found to be affected in Ameri- 

 can cattle, in Europe is often hardened and is then 

 termed wooden tongue. The disease is rarely general 

 throughout the system except in the later stages. This 



