27<i Veterinarg Elements. 



ers for fistula, down over the shoulder, noting if the mus- 

 cles of the part are wasted or not, over the elbow look- 

 ing, out for shoeboil; then with the flat of the right hand 

 (which has been used all along) feel the cannons, look- 

 ing out for splints, handle the tendons, which should be 

 hard or cordy as it is often termed, look for puffs and in 

 heavy horses feel down into the feather for grease, etc. ; 

 for scars from nerving, windgalls, ringbone; lift the foot, 

 by pinching with right hand just above the fetlock and 

 holding it up with the left hand at the toe, note the sole, 

 frog, etc., looking put for corns, thrash and dropped 

 sole, the shoe should be off to make a thorough examina- 

 tion; examine the coronet for quittors and the walls for 

 sandcracks, which may have been filled with tar; note 

 also whether the heels are contracted; let the foot go, 

 turn with face to the front of the horse and with the palm 

 of the left hand examine for sore shoulders and sitfasts, 

 down the front of the leg, over the knee for i broken 

 knees, a very bad sign in saddlers; down the front of the 

 cannon, pastern and hoof looking for the ringed appear- 

 ance there, then the cartilages should be examined for 

 sidebone. When examining the limbs do not sit down, 

 keep the knees stiff and bend the back, it looks horse- 

 manlike and one is not so likely to get stepped on. Turn 

 again with the head to the horse's flank and with the 

 right hand resume the examination of the body, looking 

 out for saddle galls, broken ribs, etc., if a gelding or 

 stallion note the condition of the scrotum, note the point 

 of the hip, and step back a few paces behind the horse, 

 noting any lowering of a hip from the level of its fellow, 

 then step to one side level with the tail, noting any flat- 



