Adams.] The Upper Cretaceous. 19 



he says that they show five well-marked divisions, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 

 4, and 5, or Dakota, Benton, Niobrara, Fort Pierre, and Fox Hills. 

 In discussing their characters, he refers briefly to the Cretaceous 

 of Kansas at Hays City and Fort Wallace. 



1872 — Hayden. 13 Part I, chapter IV, by Hayden, gives a 

 sketch of the geological formation along the Union Pacific rail- 

 road to Fort Wallace. The formation west nearly to Salina he 

 refers to the Permo-Carboniferous series. At the 155th mile-post 

 he says he reached the beds of doubtful age, intermediate be- 

 tween the Permian and the well-known Cretaceous No. 1, or 

 those which include the rusty sandstones of the Dakota. He 

 mentions the Dakota as occurring near Salina, at Fort Ellsworth, 

 and as far west as Fort Harker. At Wilson he saw " the chalky 

 limestones of the Niobrara filled with Inoceramus problematicus ." 

 At the 2S0th mile-post he reported indications of the Tertiary. 

 At Hays City massive rocks of No. 3 were seen sawed into blocks 

 and used in buildings. At eight miles west of Fort Hays an 

 exposure in a cut showed sixty feet of shale of No. 2, the Benton 

 group, filled with concretions. On the summit of the hill he 

 observed massive layers of yellow chalk. In concluding he says : 

 "We have, therefore, between Salina and Fort Wallace, expo- 

 sures of Cretaceous beds Nos. 1, 2, and 3. In No. 1 are well- 

 preserved impressions of dicotyledonous leaves; in No. 2, not 

 far from Fort Wallace, remains of gigantic reptiles have been 

 found ; while No. 3 contains invertebrates and fragments of the 

 remains of fishes." 



1876 — Mudge. 1 * Concerning the Cretaceous, he says that the 

 Fort Pierre and Fox Hills groups are wanting, and that the 

 Benton group also appears to be absent. He reports the Cre- 

 taceous as resting conformably, or nearly so, upon the Permian, 

 and that he had found no fossils of the Jurassic or Triassic. In 

 his description of the Niobrara, he divides it into two divisions : 

 the Niobrara proper and the Fort Hays. The division between 

 them is considered by him to be the bed of limestone about sixty 

 feet thick where fully exposed. In the upper division, verte- 



13. Final Eep. TJ. S. G. S. of Nebr., etc., with map, 1868 (printed 1872). 



14. Bulletin Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of the Ters. ii, No. 3. 1876. 



