﻿Eaton 
  — 
  Vertebrate 
  Remains 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Gravels. 
  

  

  Art. 
  II. 
  — 
  Vertebrate 
  Remains 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Gravels; 
  by 
  

   George 
  F. 
  Eaton. 
  * 
  

  

  Thr 
  Yale 
  Peruvian 
  Expedition 
  of 
  1911 
  collected 
  human 
  

   remains 
  in 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  Quebrada 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  Peru, 
  under 
  

   conditions 
  that 
  called 
  for 
  a 
  more 
  critical 
  investigation 
  than 
  

   was 
  possible 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  discovery. 
  So 
  much 
  interest 
  

   attaches 
  to 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  Man 
  during 
  the 
  

   Glacial 
  Period 
  of 
  geological 
  time 
  that 
  it 
  seemed 
  desirable 
  to 
  

   make 
  every 
  effort 
  to 
  obtain 
  some 
  decisive 
  evidence 
  regarding 
  

   the 
  antiquity 
  of 
  the 
  fragmentary 
  remains 
  popularly 
  known 
  as 
  

   the 
  Cuzco 
  Man. 
  Accordingly 
  the 
  plans 
  for 
  osteological 
  work 
  by 
  

   the 
  expedition 
  of 
  1912 
  not 
  only 
  provided 
  for 
  a 
  general 
  search 
  

   for 
  bone 
  deposits 
  in 
  the 
  alluvium 
  of 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Valley, 
  but 
  also 
  

   included 
  a 
  special 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  gravels 
  of 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  

   Quebrada. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  recalled 
  by 
  those 
  who 
  read 
  the 
  preliminary 
  reports 
  

   on 
  this 
  subjectf 
  that 
  neither 
  the 
  geological 
  evidence 
  nor 
  that 
  

   derived 
  from 
  a 
  strictly 
  osteological 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  relied 
  on 
  in 
  determining 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  deposit, 
  

   only 
  the 
  barest 
  indications 
  of 
  great 
  antiquity 
  being 
  observed 
  in 
  

   the 
  remarkably 
  bisontic 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  bovine 
  rib 
  associated 
  with 
  

   the 
  human 
  bones. 
  Had 
  it 
  been 
  possible 
  to 
  identify 
  this 
  rib 
  

   positively 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  an 
  extinct 
  species 
  of 
  Bison, 
  a 
  claim 
  to 
  great 
  

   antiquity 
  for 
  the 
  "Cuzco 
  Man" 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  almost 
  unas- 
  

   sailable 
  ; 
  but 
  believing 
  that 
  the 
  premises 
  did 
  not 
  warrant 
  such 
  

   a 
  conclusion, 
  I 
  made 
  the 
  following 
  statement 
  in 
  the 
  prelimi- 
  

   nary 
  report 
  on 
  the 
  bones 
  : 
  " 
  It 
  cannot 
  be 
  denied 
  that 
  the 
  mate- 
  

   rial 
  examined 
  suggests 
  the 
  possibility 
  that 
  some 
  species 
  of 
  

   Bison 
  is 
  here 
  represented, 
  yet 
  it 
  would 
  hardly 
  be 
  in 
  accordance 
  

   with 
  conservative 
  methods 
  to 
  differentiate 
  Bison 
  from 
  domestic 
  

   cattle 
  solely 
  by 
  characters 
  obtained 
  from 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  1st 
  ribs 
  

   of 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  individuals." 
  

  

  From 
  what 
  I 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  learn 
  of 
  the 
  beef 
  industry 
  in 
  and 
  

   about 
  Cuzco, 
  practically 
  all 
  the 
  beeves 
  slaughtered 
  for 
  the 
  

   Cuzco 
  trade 
  are 
  raised 
  on 
  the 
  elevated 
  pastures 
  within 
  one 
  

   day's 
  drive 
  of 
  that 
  city 
  ; 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  steps 
  taken 
  toward 
  

   solving 
  the 
  problem 
  under 
  consideration, 
  after 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  

   the 
  expedition 
  at 
  Cuzco, 
  was 
  to 
  examine 
  the 
  first 
  ribs 
  of 
  carcasses 
  

   of 
  beef 
  animals 
  offered 
  for 
  sale 
  in 
  the 
  public 
  markets. 
  This 
  con- 
  

   vinced 
  me 
  that 
  under 
  the 
  life-conditions 
  prevailing 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  Andes, 
  and 
  possibly 
  in 
  correlation 
  with 
  the 
  increased 
  action 
  

   of 
  the 
  respiratory 
  muscles 
  in 
  the 
  rarefied 
  air, 
  domestic 
  cattle 
  

   occasionally 
  develop 
  1st 
  ribs 
  closely 
  approaching 
  the 
  form 
  

   observed 
  in 
  Bison. 
  Therefore, 
  apart 
  from 
  purely 
  geological 
  

  

  * 
  Osteologist 
  of 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  Expedition 
  of 
  1912. 
  

   f 
  This 
  Journal 
  (4), 
  xxxiii, 
  p. 
  332, 
  April, 
  1912. 
  

  

  