﻿4 
  Eaton 
  — 
  Vertebrate 
  Remains 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Gravels. 
  

  

  considerations, 
  no 
  reason 
  remains 
  for 
  supposing 
  that 
  the 
  bovine 
  

   rib, 
  found 
  with 
  the 
  human 
  bones 
  in 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  Quebrada 
  

   in 
  1911, 
  belonged 
  to 
  a 
  Bison 
  ; 
  and 
  any 
  theory 
  attributing 
  great 
  

   antiquity 
  to 
  the 
  " 
  Cuzco 
  Man," 
  based 
  on 
  such 
  a 
  supposition, 
  is 
  

   rendered 
  untenable. 
  

  

  When 
  preparing 
  my 
  contribution 
  to 
  the 
  preliminary 
  report 
  

   of 
  the 
  Expedition 
  of 
  1911, 
  I 
  preferred 
  to 
  limit 
  myself 
  to 
  a 
  

   strictly 
  osteological 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  material 
  submitted 
  to 
  me, 
  

   without 
  any 
  recourse 
  to 
  the 
  geological 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  discov- 
  

   ery. 
  JSTow 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  visited 
  the 
  locality 
  where 
  the 
  material 
  

   was 
  collected, 
  the 
  problem 
  may 
  be 
  treated 
  more 
  broadly, 
  and 
  

   utilized 
  as 
  fully 
  as 
  possible 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  further 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  bone-deposits 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  

  

  In 
  June, 
  1912, 
  the 
  shallow 
  excavation, 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  Quebrada 
  by 
  the 
  Expedition 
  of 
  

   1911, 
  was 
  revisited. 
  It 
  was 
  apparently 
  just 
  as 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  left 
  

   eleven 
  months 
  before. 
  Not 
  even 
  had 
  the 
  little 
  mound 
  of 
  

   gravel, 
  thrown 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  excavators, 
  been 
  washed 
  away 
  from 
  

   the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  trail 
  by 
  the 
  showers 
  of 
  the 
  past 
  rainy 
  season. 
  

   The 
  original 
  collectors 
  had 
  done 
  their 
  work 
  so 
  carefully 
  and 
  

   completely 
  that 
  nothing 
  recognizable 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  by 
  sift- 
  

   ing 
  this 
  fallen 
  material, 
  except 
  a 
  sternal 
  segment, 
  referable 
  to 
  

   Canis 
  sp., 
  and 
  a 
  fragment 
  of 
  the 
  labial 
  cusp 
  of 
  a 
  human 
  upper 
  

   premolar. 
  These 
  two 
  small 
  specimens 
  probably 
  belong 
  with 
  

   the 
  bones 
  taken 
  out 
  in 
  1911. 
  They 
  have 
  little 
  significance 
  

   beyond 
  making 
  it 
  appear 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  human 
  and 
  canine 
  

   remains, 
  deposited 
  in 
  this 
  place, 
  were 
  slightly 
  more 
  complete 
  

   than 
  the}^ 
  were, 
  at 
  first, 
  reported 
  to 
  be, 
  and 
  to 
  that 
  extent 
  more 
  

   suggestive 
  of 
  the 
  ancient 
  burial 
  customs 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  

  

  The 
  coarse 
  gravel 
  immediately 
  surrounding 
  the 
  excavation 
  

   of 
  1911 
  was 
  compact 
  and 
  free 
  from 
  cracks 
  or 
  flaws. 
  It 
  had, 
  in 
  

   fact, 
  every 
  appearance 
  of 
  being 
  an 
  undisturbed 
  integral 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  flat-topped 
  gravel 
  spur 
  that 
  separates 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  and 
  

   Huatanay 
  Quebradas. 
  To 
  make 
  sure 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  lack 
  of 
  

   homogeneity 
  in 
  the 
  gravel 
  at 
  this 
  place 
  it 
  was 
  proposed 
  that 
  a 
  

   small 
  tunnel, 
  commencing 
  at 
  the 
  excavation 
  of 
  1911, 
  should 
  be 
  

   made 
  directly 
  into 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  cliff. 
  This 
  was 
  accordingly 
  

   done 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  when 
  Professor 
  H. 
  E. 
  Gregory, 
  the 
  geologist 
  of 
  

   the 
  expedition, 
  could 
  visit 
  the 
  scene. 
  During 
  the 
  first 
  day's 
  

   work 
  I 
  encountered 
  no 
  cracks 
  or 
  fissures 
  in 
  the 
  gravel, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  

   K. 
  C. 
  Heald, 
  who 
  continued 
  the 
  tunneling, 
  reported 
  that 
  the 
  

   gravel 
  cut 
  through 
  by 
  him 
  was 
  everywhere 
  extremely 
  firm 
  and 
  

   without 
  break 
  of 
  any 
  kind. 
  The 
  solidity 
  and 
  firmness 
  of 
  the 
  

   formation 
  are 
  attested 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that, 
  in 
  three 
  days' 
  time, 
  our 
  

   laborers 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  penetrate 
  only 
  11 
  feet 
  into 
  the 
  cliff, 
  the 
  

   height 
  and 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  tunnel 
  being 
  4 
  J- 
  feet 
  and 
  3 
  feet 
  respec- 
  

   tively. 
  The 
  gravel 
  exposed 
  within 
  the 
  tunnel 
  was 
  of 
  precisely 
  

   the 
  same 
  character 
  as 
  the 
  gravel 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  about 
  the 
  entrance. 
  

  

  