﻿Eaton 
  — 
  Vertebrate 
  Remains 
  in 
  the 
  Citzco 
  Gravels. 
  5 
  

  

  If 
  this 
  tunnel 
  with 
  carefully 
  shaped 
  parallel 
  sides 
  had 
  cut 
  

   through 
  a 
  contact 
  between 
  the 
  basal 
  mass 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  an 
  

   overlying 
  " 
  veneer," 
  deposited 
  by 
  landslide 
  against 
  its 
  face, 
  

   some 
  indication, 
  no 
  matter 
  how 
  slight, 
  of 
  the 
  lack 
  of 
  continuity 
  

   should 
  have 
  been 
  presented. 
  As 
  the 
  tunnel 
  offered 
  a 
  much 
  

   better 
  opportunity 
  for 
  recognizing 
  a 
  possible 
  break 
  in 
  the 
  gravel 
  

   than 
  the 
  original 
  excavation 
  offered, 
  I 
  am 
  led 
  to 
  suppose 
  that, 
  

   if 
  in 
  either 
  period 
  of 
  work 
  at 
  this 
  place, 
  a 
  contact 
  between 
  

   basal 
  mass 
  and 
  gravel 
  of 
  later 
  deposition 
  was 
  reached, 
  it 
  was 
  

   not 
  during 
  the 
  tunneling, 
  but 
  in 
  1911 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  period 
  

   of 
  excavation. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  bones 
  were 
  excavated 
  Professor 
  Bow- 
  

   man 
  was 
  fully 
  aware 
  of 
  the 
  significance 
  such 
  a 
  break 
  would 
  

   have 
  in 
  determining 
  their 
  age 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  quotation 
  

   from 
  his 
  report 
  shows 
  that 
  he 
  actually 
  encountered 
  what, 
  at 
  

   first 
  view, 
  looked 
  very 
  much 
  like 
  an 
  extensive 
  break 
  in 
  the 
  

   gravel 
  enclosing 
  the 
  bones 
  : 
  

  

  "Immediately 
  above 
  the 
  stratum 
  containing 
  the 
  bones 
  was 
  a 
  

   break 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  bluff 
  about 
  four 
  feet 
  long. 
  It 
  rose 
  in 
  

   a 
  curved 
  line 
  about 
  two 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  layer 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   bones 
  were 
  disposed 
  and 
  suggested 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  grave, 
  

   especially 
  as 
  the 
  break 
  exhibited 
  a 
  mould 
  of 
  organic 
  material. 
  

   After 
  the 
  excavation 
  work 
  was 
  done, 
  as 
  much 
  care 
  was 
  exer- 
  

   cised 
  in 
  the 
  examination 
  of 
  this 
  break 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  gathering 
  of 
  

   the 
  bones. 
  Upon 
  excavation 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  

   the 
  break 
  and 
  forward 
  from 
  it 
  two 
  facts 
  were 
  discovered 
  : 
  

   (1) 
  the 
  break 
  extended 
  downward 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  inches 
  and 
  merged 
  

   into 
  hard 
  undisturbed 
  material 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  bedding 
  planes 
  

   ran 
  apparently 
  without 
  interruption 
  from 
  within 
  the 
  main 
  

   gravel 
  mass 
  to 
  the 
  outer 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  bluff 
  ; 
  (2) 
  the 
  mould 
  con- 
  

   sisted 
  principally 
  of 
  a 
  fungus 
  growth 
  mixed 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  species 
  

   of 
  lichens."* 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  advance 
  and 
  maintain 
  any 
  theory 
  at 
  variance 
  

   with 
  the 
  foregoing 
  careful 
  statement 
  by 
  Professor 
  Bowman 
  

   regarding 
  the 
  apparent 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  surrounding 
  

   the 
  bones 
  ; 
  and 
  yet, 
  after 
  studying 
  the 
  form 
  and 
  composition 
  

   of 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  quebrada 
  and 
  examining 
  other 
  deposits 
  of 
  

   bones 
  both 
  here 
  and 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  I 
  am 
  

   led 
  to 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  bones 
  excavated 
  in 
  1911 
  were 
  not 
  

   originally 
  embedded 
  in 
  the 
  basal 
  gravel 
  of 
  the 
  spur 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  

   when 
  that 
  gravel 
  was 
  itself 
  in 
  process 
  of 
  deposition, 
  but 
  were, 
  

   in 
  all 
  probability, 
  interred 
  there 
  at 
  a 
  much 
  later 
  time 
  when 
  

   the 
  northeast 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  quebrada 
  had 
  assumed 
  more 
  nearly 
  

   its 
  present 
  contours. 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  Quebrada 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  

   the 
  accompanying 
  view 
  (fig. 
  1), 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  southwest 
  side 
  

  

  *This 
  Journal, 
  1. 
  c, 
  p. 
  310. 
  

  

  