﻿Eaton 
  — 
  Vertebrate 
  Remains 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Gravels. 
  11 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  manner 
  that 
  only 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  

   skeletal 
  material 
  was 
  preserved 
  intact. 
  

  

  The 
  cultivated 
  terrace 
  extending 
  along 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  quebrada 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  composed 
  largely 
  of 
  

   gravel 
  fallen 
  from 
  the 
  cliff. 
  Scattered 
  irregularly 
  through 
  

   this 
  terrace, 
  and 
  exposed 
  to 
  view 
  by 
  the 
  roadside, 
  were 
  pot- 
  

   sherds 
  and 
  fragmentary 
  bones, 
  mostly 
  of 
  llamas, 
  but 
  with 
  an 
  

   occasional 
  beef- 
  or 
  dog-bone. 
  As 
  these 
  specimens 
  resembled 
  

   the 
  pottery 
  and 
  fragmentary 
  bones 
  that 
  were 
  found, 
  strewn 
  to 
  

   a 
  depth 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  inches, 
  in 
  the 
  flat 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  spur, 
  they 
  

   may 
  have 
  been 
  derived 
  principally 
  from 
  the 
  latter 
  elevation. 
  

   There 
  was, 
  however, 
  one 
  small 
  area, 
  exposed 
  in 
  section 
  at 
  the 
  

   face 
  of 
  the 
  terrace, 
  that 
  showed 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  characteristics 
  of 
  

   a 
  kitchen-midden. 
  It 
  was 
  a 
  stratum 
  of 
  gravel 
  having 
  a 
  large 
  

   admixture 
  of 
  charcoal 
  and 
  wood-ashes. 
  Potsherds 
  and 
  bones 
  

   occurred 
  more 
  plentifully 
  here 
  than 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  terrace. 
  

   This 
  stratum 
  had 
  a 
  maximum 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  18 
  inches, 
  and 
  

   could 
  be 
  traced 
  along 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  terrace, 
  a 
  little 
  above 
  the 
  

   level 
  of 
  the 
  roadway, 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  30 
  feet. 
  Fig. 
  5 
  

   shows 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  stratum, 
  though 
  not 
  as 
  clearly 
  as 
  could 
  

   be 
  desired. 
  From 
  its 
  size 
  and 
  shape 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  

   character 
  of 
  its 
  contents 
  this 
  stratum 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  midden 
  

   built 
  upon 
  the 
  talus 
  slope 
  by 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  miscel- 
  

   laneous 
  debris 
  during 
  some 
  period 
  since 
  the 
  Conquest 
  when 
  

   little 
  or 
  no 
  gravel 
  was 
  falling 
  from 
  the 
  cliff. 
  Undecorated 
  

   potsherds, 
  too 
  small 
  to 
  convey 
  any 
  definite 
  idea 
  of 
  complete 
  

   form, 
  were 
  found 
  here 
  together 
  with 
  fragmentary 
  bones 
  

   of 
  llama, 
  dog, 
  domestic 
  cattle 
  and 
  deer, 
  and 
  also 
  bits 
  of 
  charred 
  

   bone 
  and 
  a 
  copper 
  or 
  bronze 
  needle. 
  This 
  last 
  is 
  an 
  inter- 
  

   esting 
  relic. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  round 
  needle 
  4f 
  inches 
  long, 
  and 
  a 
  trifle 
  

   less 
  than 
  -J- 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  eye 
  has 
  been 
  formed 
  by 
  

   piercing 
  the 
  blunt 
  end, 
  instead 
  of 
  by 
  drawing 
  out 
  the 
  metal 
  

   and 
  bending 
  it 
  around 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  primitive 
  way 
  sometimes 
  

   followed. 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  quantity 
  of 
  llama 
  bones 
  buried 
  in 
  the 
  Ayahuaycco 
  

   Quebrada 
  and 
  in 
  other 
  places 
  near 
  Cuzco 
  indicate 
  that 
  after 
  

   the 
  subjugation 
  of 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  region 
  by 
  the 
  Spaniards, 
  the 
  

   flesh 
  of 
  the 
  llama 
  still 
  formed 
  the 
  larger 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  meat 
  diet 
  

   of 
  the 
  natives, 
  and 
  was 
  accordingly 
  considered 
  the 
  most 
  suita- 
  

   ble, 
  or 
  the 
  most 
  convenient, 
  kind 
  of 
  flesh 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  

   provided 
  for 
  the 
  supposed 
  needs 
  of 
  the 
  human 
  dead 
  after 
  

   interment. 
  When 
  domestic 
  cattle 
  became 
  commoner 
  in 
  the 
  

   region 
  their 
  flesh 
  naturally 
  replaced 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  llama, 
  to 
  some 
  

   extent, 
  as 
  an 
  article 
  of 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  living 
  Indians, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  

   provision 
  for 
  the 
  dead, 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  met 
  with 
  or 
  heard 
  

   of 
  any 
  instance 
  of 
  the 
  modern 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  eating 
  the 
  

   flesh 
  of 
  horses 
  or 
  mules. 
  

  

  