﻿Geology 
  and 
  JVafoiral 
  History. 
  83 
  

  

  the 
  more 
  fossiliferous 
  Chagrin 
  formation 
  with 
  its 
  distinctly 
  Che- 
  

   mung 
  fauna. 
  The 
  difference 
  in 
  sedimentation 
  is 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  

   due 
  to 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  shore 
  line. 
  Therefore 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  forma- 
  

   tions 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  naturally 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  Devonian 
  period, 
  

   while 
  the 
  Mississippian 
  is 
  begun 
  with 
  the 
  Berea 
  of 
  Ohio 
  and 
  the 
  

   Cussewago 
  of 
  Pennsylvania. 
  The 
  contact 
  of 
  these 
  upper 
  sand- 
  

   stones 
  upon 
  the 
  underlying 
  shales 
  is 
  often 
  an 
  irregular 
  erosion 
  

   line 
  and 
  is 
  always 
  disconformable. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  brachiopods 
  are 
  

   described 
  in 
  detail, 
  and 
  much 
  valuable 
  pale 
  ontologic 
  work 
  is 
  scat- 
  

   tered 
  throughout 
  the 
  work. 
  

  

  The 
  volume 
  is 
  a 
  most 
  important 
  contribution 
  toward 
  the 
  final 
  

   adjustment 
  of 
  the 
  Devono-Carboniferous 
  line 
  of 
  separation, 
  which 
  

   has 
  been 
  under 
  discussion 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  vigorously 
  for 
  the 
  past 
  

   thirty-five 
  years. 
  c. 
  s. 
  

  

  16. 
  Fossil 
  Coleoptera 
  from 
  the 
  Wilson 
  Ranch 
  near 
  Florissant, 
  

   Colorado 
  ; 
  by 
  II. 
  F. 
  Wickham. 
  State 
  University 
  of 
  Iowa, 
  Bull., 
  

   Vol. 
  vi, 
  No. 
  4, 
  29 
  pp., 
  7 
  pis., 
  1913. 
  — 
  In 
  this 
  pamphlet 
  are 
  described 
  

   five 
  new 
  genera 
  ( 
  Creniphilites, 
  Cychramites, 
  Protoncideres, 
  

   JPythoceropsis, 
  Xyleborites) 
  and 
  forty 
  new 
  species. 
  The 
  author 
  

   states 
  that 
  the 
  Florissant 
  strata 
  have 
  now 
  yielded 
  377 
  species 
  of 
  

   described 
  beetles, 
  but 
  that 
  about 
  200 
  new 
  forms 
  still 
  await 
  

   description. 
  All 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  derived 
  from 
  Miocene 
  deposits 
  of 
  

   an 
  area 
  nine 
  miles 
  long 
  and 
  two 
  miles 
  wide, 
  with 
  a 
  maximum 
  

   thickness 
  of 
  fifty 
  feet. 
  In 
  a 
  quarry 
  twenty 
  feet 
  long 
  and 
  six 
  feet 
  

   deep 
  the 
  author 
  collected 
  ninety 
  -five 
  species. 
  He 
  says, 
  however: 
  

   " 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  worth 
  mentioning 
  that 
  a 
  stroll 
  along 
  the 
  beach 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Superior 
  after 
  a 
  favorable 
  night 
  wind 
  would 
  show 
  a 
  much 
  

   more 
  striking 
  assemblage 
  of 
  beetles, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  size 
  and 
  structure 
  

   are 
  concerned, 
  than 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  present 
  about 
  the 
  shores 
  

   of 
  the 
  ancient 
  Lake 
  Florissant" 
  (6). 
  c. 
  s. 
  

  

  17. 
  The 
  Lower 
  Siluric 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  valley 
  ; 
  by 
  

   Rudolf 
  Ruedemann. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  State 
  Museum 
  Bull. 
  No. 
  162, 
  151 
  

   pp., 
  10 
  pis., 
  30 
  text 
  figs., 
  1912. 
  — 
  A 
  most 
  valuable 
  and 
  interesting 
  

   study 
  snowing 
  how 
  the 
  Trenton 
  limestone 
  in 
  passing 
  eastward 
  

   into 
  the 
  Hudson 
  valley 
  changes 
  into 
  a 
  shale 
  (the 
  Canajqharie 
  and 
  

   Schenectady 
  formations) 
  with 
  markedly 
  different 
  faunal 
  assem- 
  

   blages. 
  The 
  Utica 
  and 
  Frankfort 
  formations 
  are 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  

   absent 
  in 
  the 
  Hudson 
  valley, 
  though 
  the 
  latter 
  formation 
  is 
  in 
  

   part 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  east 
  by 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ladder 
  formation, 
  

   deposited 
  in 
  a 
  different 
  trough, 
  a 
  long 
  and 
  narrow 
  one 
  belonging 
  

   with 
  the 
  Green 
  Mountain 
  foldings. 
  Verily, 
  the 
  supposedly 
  reli- 
  

   able 
  New 
  York 
  " 
  Standard 
  of 
  Correlation 
  " 
  is 
  hardly 
  yet 
  trust- 
  

   worthy 
  ! 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  distinguishing 
  of 
  these 
  various 
  faunas 
  depends 
  upon 
  an 
  

   accurate 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  combinations 
  of 
  known 
  forms 
  and 
  new 
  

   species, 
  the 
  author 
  here 
  describes 
  essentially 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  previously 
  

   undefined 
  or 
  poorly 
  understood 
  forms, 
  more 
  than 
  fifty 
  in 
  num- 
  

   ber. 
  A 
  new 
  genus 
  of 
  marine 
  alga 
  is 
  also 
  proposed, 
  Sphenophycus. 
  

  

  c. 
  s. 
  

  

  