﻿F. 
  A. 
  Ferret 
  — 
  Some 
  Kilauean 
  Formations. 
  

  

  157 
  

  

  jecting 
  type 
  of 
  tree 
  mould, 
  standing 
  above 
  the 
  surrounding 
  

   plain 
  as 
  a 
  monument 
  to 
  the 
  original 
  tree 
  which, 
  even 
  if 
  not 
  at 
  

   once 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  igneous 
  flood, 
  has 
  since 
  suffered 
  that 
  

   decomposition 
  and 
  transmutation 
  which 
  is 
  inevitable 
  at 
  the 
  

   hand 
  of 
  time. 
  (Fig. 
  5.) 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  sunken 
  or 
  ground 
  type 
  the 
  lava 
  has 
  invaded 
  low 
  

   ground 
  and 
  has 
  remained 
  at 
  virtually 
  its 
  full 
  height 
  around 
  

   the 
  stricken 
  trees, 
  of 
  whose 
  substance 
  no 
  vestige 
  now 
  remains 
  

  

  Fig. 
  6. 
  

  

  Fig-. 
  6. 
  Tree 
  moulds 
  of 
  the 
  sunken 
  type. 
  

  

  but 
  whose 
  form, 
  to 
  the 
  most 
  minute 
  detail, 
  is 
  preserved 
  in 
  last- 
  

   ing 
  stone. 
  

  

  The 
  visitor 
  sees 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  cylindrical 
  openings 
  in 
  the 
  

   ground 
  (lava) 
  descending 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  flow 
  

   which, 
  in 
  the 
  cases 
  observed 
  by 
  the 
  writer, 
  was 
  from 
  three 
  to 
  

   live 
  meters. 
  (Fig. 
  6.) 
  It 
  is 
  most 
  interesting 
  to 
  note 
  that, 
  at 
  

   and 
  near 
  the 
  surface, 
  where 
  the 
  lava 
  was 
  not 
  pressed 
  with 
  

   force 
  against 
  the 
  tree 
  and 
  was 
  also 
  free 
  to 
  slightly 
  shrink 
  

   away 
  upon 
  cooling, 
  the 
  impression 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  grosser 
  details 
  only, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  circular 
  or 
  elliptical 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  with 
  the 
  

   more 
  prominent 
  corrugations 
  while, 
  the 
  farther 
  one 
  descends, 
  

   the 
  more 
  nearly 
  perfect 
  becomes 
  the 
  imprint 
  of 
  the 
  bark. 
  

   Near 
  the 
  bottom, 
  where 
  the 
  lava 
  pressed 
  the 
  tree 
  with 
  a 
  force 
  

   corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  flow 
  — 
  and 
  which 
  we 
  may 
  

  

  