﻿S. 
  B. 
  Kuzirian 
  — 
  Use 
  of 
  the 
  Sodium 
  P 
  availing 
  state. 
  305 
  

  

  Akt. 
  XXXI. 
  — 
  The 
  Use 
  of 
  the 
  Sodium 
  Paratungstate 
  and 
  the 
  

   Bloiopipe 
  Flame 
  in 
  the 
  Determination 
  of 
  the 
  Aeid 
  Radi- 
  

   cals 
  of 
  Chlorides, 
  Chlorates, 
  Per 
  chlorates, 
  Bromides, 
  Bro- 
  

   mates 
  and 
  Fluorides 
  ; 
  by 
  S. 
  B. 
  Kuzirian. 
  

  

  [Contributions 
  from 
  the 
  Kent 
  Chemical 
  Laboratory 
  of 
  Yale 
  Univ. 
  — 
  ccxlviii.] 
  

   . 
  Introductory. 
  

  

  The 
  ability 
  of 
  sodium 
  paratungstate 
  to 
  decompose 
  and 
  expel 
  

   the 
  volatile 
  acid 
  radicals 
  from 
  certain 
  salts 
  like 
  carbonates, 
  

   nitrates, 
  iodides 
  and 
  iodates 
  has 
  been 
  shown 
  in 
  a 
  previous 
  

   paper.* 
  It 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  action 
  upon 
  chlorides, 
  

   chlorates, 
  bromides, 
  bromates 
  and 
  fluorides 
  under 
  ordinary 
  

   atmospheric 
  conditions 
  is 
  only 
  partial, 
  f 
  Under 
  such 
  condi- 
  

   tions 
  only 
  certain 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  salts 
  are 
  broken 
  up 
  and 
  the 
  

   reactions 
  then 
  become 
  very 
  slow. 
  

  

  The 
  imperfection 
  of 
  the 
  reaction 
  can 
  be 
  accounted 
  for 
  in 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  chlorides 
  and 
  bromides 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  these 
  com- 
  

   pounds 
  do 
  not 
  contain 
  a 
  basic 
  metallic 
  oxide 
  to 
  unite 
  with 
  the 
  

   acidic 
  tungsten 
  trioxide, 
  and 
  therefore 
  have 
  to 
  depend 
  upon 
  

   the 
  gradual 
  action 
  of 
  atmospheric 
  oxygen 
  or 
  moisture 
  to 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  a 
  decomposition 
  which 
  is 
  so 
  slow 
  that 
  the 
  reaction 
  cannot 
  

   be 
  completed 
  within 
  a 
  reasonable 
  time. 
  The 
  results 
  are, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  sharp 
  and 
  accurate 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  carbonates 
  and 
  nitrates, 
  

   which 
  are 
  composed 
  of 
  a 
  basic 
  oxide 
  and 
  an 
  easily 
  volatilizable 
  

   acidic 
  oxide. 
  Chlorates 
  and 
  bromates, 
  having 
  a 
  molecular 
  con- 
  

   stitution 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  nitrates, 
  might 
  be 
  expected 
  to 
  

   behave 
  similarly 
  on 
  treatment 
  with 
  sodium 
  paratungstate. 
  

   But 
  on 
  the 
  fusion 
  of 
  potassium 
  chlorate 
  with 
  this 
  flux, 
  the 
  

   oxygen 
  of 
  the 
  chlorate 
  does 
  not 
  form 
  potassium 
  oxide, 
  while 
  

   oxygen 
  is 
  liberated 
  before 
  the 
  salt 
  actually 
  begins 
  to 
  be 
  acted 
  

   upon 
  by 
  the 
  paratungstate, 
  leaving 
  potassium 
  chloride. 
  Bro- 
  

   mates 
  being 
  unstable 
  like 
  chlorates 
  behave 
  exactly 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   way 
  on 
  similar 
  treatment 
  with 
  the 
  paratungstate. 
  Oxygen 
  is 
  

   evolved 
  and 
  a 
  bromide 
  is 
  left. 
  So, 
  for 
  the 
  same 
  reason, 
  the 
  

   expulsion 
  of 
  the 
  halogens 
  from 
  chlorates 
  and 
  bromates 
  is 
  only 
  

   partial, 
  and 
  the 
  degree 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  halogen 
  is 
  eliminated 
  

   proves 
  to 
  be 
  almost 
  the 
  same 
  for 
  the 
  same 
  duration 
  of 
  fusion 
  

   as 
  with 
  chlorides 
  and 
  bromides. 
  

  

  Having 
  in 
  view 
  the 
  function 
  of 
  atmospheric 
  oxygen 
  and 
  

   moisture 
  in 
  partial 
  decomposition 
  of 
  chlorides, 
  bromides, 
  fluo- 
  

   rides, 
  chlorates 
  and 
  bromates, 
  it 
  was 
  natural 
  to 
  look 
  for 
  a 
  

   reagent 
  which 
  would 
  accomplish 
  the 
  decomposition 
  more 
  effi- 
  

   ciently 
  by 
  supplying 
  oxygen 
  while 
  removing 
  the 
  halogen. 
  

  

  *This 
  Journal 
  [4], 
  xxxi, 
  497. 
  

   f 
  Ibid., 
  xxxvi, 
  301. 
  

  

  