﻿Appalachian 
  Geosyncline. 
  435 
  

  

  "The 
  evidence 
  now 
  seems 
  fully 
  to 
  justify 
  the 
  interpretation 
  

   of 
  this 
  deposit 
  as 
  a 
  sediment 
  accumulated 
  in 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  

   impounded 
  fresh 
  water 
  or 
  of 
  brackish 
  water 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  

   open 
  sea 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  by 
  a 
  low, 
  shifting 
  submarine 
  bank, 
  not 
  well 
  

   defined 
  in 
  the 
  stratigraphy 
  save 
  that 
  outside 
  of 
  it 
  flourished 
  a 
  

   profuse 
  marine 
  fauna 
  ; 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  continuous 
  with 
  and 
  

   marking 
  the 
  inception 
  of 
  the 
  Catskill 
  sedimentation."* 
  

  

  The 
  Catskill-Oneonta 
  formations 
  are 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  

   Green 
  Pond 
  Mountain 
  syncline 
  of 
  northern 
  New 
  Jersey, 
  an 
  

   outlier 
  twenty-live 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Catskill 
  outcrop, 
  by 
  

   the 
  Skunnemunk 
  conglomerate. 
  Regarding 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  this 
  

   conglomerate 
  Kiimmel 
  and 
  Weller 
  write 
  of 
  it 
  in 
  1902 
  as 
  

   deposited 
  by 
  the 
  waves 
  and 
  currents 
  of 
  the 
  sea.f 
  

  

  Chamberlin 
  and 
  Salisbury 
  infer 
  in 
  1906 
  

  

  " 
  That 
  the 
  Catskill 
  region 
  was 
  at 
  least 
  so 
  far 
  shut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  

   ocean 
  as 
  not 
  to 
  afford 
  the 
  conditions 
  necessary 
  for 
  marine 
  life. 
  

   The 
  formation 
  is 
  notable 
  for 
  its 
  redness, 
  a 
  feature 
  which 
  marks 
  

   many 
  other 
  formations 
  made 
  in 
  inclosed 
  or 
  partially 
  inclosed 
  seas, 
  

   inland 
  lakes, 
  or 
  basins. 
  "J 
  

  

  In 
  1906, 
  the 
  present 
  writer, 
  in 
  discussing 
  the 
  factors 
  leading 
  

   to 
  subaerial 
  delta 
  building, 
  called 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  favorable 
  

   conditions 
  existing 
  in 
  the 
  (Jpper 
  Devonian 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  

   Pennsylvania, 
  stating 
  : 
  

  

  " 
  This 
  upper 
  Devonian 
  mountain-building, 
  taken 
  into 
  consider- 
  

   ation 
  with 
  the 
  restricted 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  sea 
  of 
  eastern 
  

   North 
  America 
  between 
  the 
  Cincinnati 
  axis 
  and 
  the 
  eastern 
  bor- 
  

   der, 
  forms 
  geographic 
  conditions 
  which 
  should 
  favor 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  extensive 
  deltas 
  filling 
  up 
  shallow 
  seas 
  and 
  giving 
  rise 
  to 
  

   the 
  formation 
  of 
  subaerial 
  deposits. 
  Turning 
  to 
  the 
  strata 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  to 
  find 
  an 
  answer 
  to 
  this 
  suggestion, 
  one 
  notes 
  the 
  spar- 
  

   ingly 
  fossiliferous 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  Catskill 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Devonian 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  few 
  fossils 
  found 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  

   fishes, 
  Eurypterids 
  (Stylonurus), 
  and 
  some 
  fresh-water 
  lamelli- 
  

   branches 
  (Amnigenia), 
  suggesting 
  that, 
  occasionally 
  at 
  least, 
  sub- 
  

   aerial 
  deltas 
  may 
  have 
  covered 
  considerable 
  regions, 
  and 
  should 
  

   be 
  looked 
  for 
  by 
  a 
  critical 
  study 
  of 
  textures 
  and 
  structures. 
  "§ 
  

  

  Not 
  having 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  especially 
  studied 
  the 
  Catskill, 
  a 
  

   more 
  positive 
  statement 
  was 
  avoided. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  same 
  year, 
  Grabau 
  concluded 
  the 
  Catskill 
  to 
  be 
  fluvia- 
  

   tile 
  and 
  non-marine 
  on 
  the 
  basis 
  chiefly 
  of 
  the 
  progressive 
  

   overlap 
  upon 
  the 
  Chemung 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  supply 
  of 
  

  

  *Loc. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  200. 
  

  

  f 
  The 
  Rocks 
  of 
  the 
  Green 
  Pond 
  Mountain 
  Region, 
  Ann. 
  Rept. 
  New 
  Jersey 
  

   Geol. 
  Surv. 
  for 
  the 
  year 
  1901, 
  p. 
  42. 
  

  

  X 
  Geology, 
  Earth 
  History, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  434, 
  1906. 
  

  

  § 
  Relative 
  geological 
  importance 
  of 
  continental, 
  littoral, 
  and 
  marine 
  sedi- 
  

   mentation. 
  Jour. 
  Geol., 
  xiv, 
  p. 
  453. 
  

  

  