﻿4:4:4: 
  J. 
  Bar 
  veil 
  — 
  Upper 
  Devonian 
  Delta 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  Turning 
  to 
  the 
  shale 
  members, 
  whose 
  redness 
  gives 
  the 
  most 
  

   striking 
  superficial 
  character 
  to 
  the 
  Catskill 
  formation, 
  they 
  are 
  

   in 
  most 
  cases 
  arenaceous. 
  The 
  purer 
  shale 
  members 
  exhibit 
  

   very 
  poor 
  bedding, 
  weathering 
  in 
  a 
  short 
  time 
  into 
  a 
  line- 
  

   grained, 
  hackly 
  rubbish 
  with 
  fracture 
  surfaces 
  unrelated 
  to 
  

   bedding. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  sandy 
  shales, 
  however, 
  are 
  fairly 
  well- 
  

   bedded. 
  Yellow 
  or 
  olive 
  shales 
  are 
  practically 
  absent 
  except 
  

   in 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  passage 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  and 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  formation, 
  

   more 
  especially 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  formation. 
  Details 
  

   regarding 
  the 
  bedding 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  shales 
  have 
  been 
  but 
  

   little 
  described, 
  doubtless 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  imperfect 
  preserval 
  

   and 
  still 
  more 
  imperfect 
  exposure. 
  In 
  the 
  extensive 
  literature 
  

   of 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  reports 
  the 
  writer 
  does 
  not 
  

   know 
  of 
  any 
  allusion 
  to 
  mud-cracks, 
  rootmarks, 
  or 
  rainprints. 
  

   Mud-cracks 
  receive 
  mention 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  passages 
  previously 
  

   quoted, 
  by 
  Willis 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  as 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  formation 
  

   and 
  more 
  specifically 
  by 
  Schwartz. 
  The 
  bedding 
  features 
  of 
  

   the 
  shales 
  were, 
  therefore, 
  made 
  a 
  special 
  object 
  of 
  study, 
  and 
  

   the 
  results 
  with 
  their 
  bearings 
  on 
  the 
  problems 
  of 
  origin 
  will 
  

   be 
  described 
  in 
  detail 
  in 
  a 
  later 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  paper. 
  

  

  The 
  different 
  sandstone 
  and 
  shale 
  members 
  are 
  horizontally 
  

   discontinuous, 
  visible 
  but 
  gradual 
  alterations 
  in 
  the 
  thickness 
  

   and 
  more 
  rarely 
  transitions 
  in 
  color 
  being 
  seen 
  in 
  places 
  in 
  a 
  

   single 
  outcrop. 
  On 
  a 
  larger 
  scale 
  I. 
  C. 
  White 
  notes 
  of 
  the 
  

   Catskill 
  in 
  the 
  Susquehanna 
  river 
  region, 
  that 
  the 
  charac- 
  

   ter 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  is 
  very 
  changeable 
  ; 
  since 
  in 
  one 
  section 
  more 
  

   than 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  series 
  may 
  be 
  . 
  massive-looking, 
  

   greenish 
  sandstones, 
  with 
  only 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  red 
  shale, 
  inter- 
  

   stratified 
  ; 
  though 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  distant 
  the 
  green 
  sandstones 
  

   disappear 
  and 
  in 
  their 
  stead 
  are 
  found 
  very 
  thick 
  red 
  beds.* 
  In 
  

   1881 
  Dr. 
  I. 
  C. 
  White 
  studied 
  and 
  reported 
  on 
  four 
  sections 
  of 
  

   the 
  Catskill 
  — 
  on 
  the 
  Lehigh 
  River, 
  through 
  Broadheadsville, 
  

   along 
  the 
  Lackawanna 
  Railroad, 
  and 
  near 
  Otisville, 
  the 
  latter 
  

   locality 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  State.f 
  These 
  sections 
  are 
  respectively 
  14, 
  

   32, 
  42, 
  and 
  63 
  miles 
  northeast 
  of 
  the 
  Little 
  Schuylkill 
  section 
  

   studied 
  in 
  detail 
  by 
  the 
  present 
  writer. 
  In 
  northeastern 
  

   Pennsylvania 
  White 
  had 
  established 
  certain 
  subdivisions 
  to 
  

   the 
  Catskill 
  which 
  he 
  carried 
  in 
  these 
  sections 
  to 
  the 
  Lehigh 
  

   River. 
  J. 
  P. 
  Lesley 
  still 
  further 
  extended 
  this 
  correlation 
  ,J 
  

   giving 
  the 
  names 
  in 
  descending 
  order 
  of 
  Mount 
  Pleasant 
  red 
  

   shale 
  700 
  feet, 
  Cherry 
  Ridge 
  conglomerate 
  200 
  feet, 
  Cherry 
  

   Ridge 
  red 
  shale 
  group 
  1117 
  feet, 
  Honesdale 
  sandstone 
  987 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  Geology 
  of 
  the 
  Susquehanna 
  Eiver 
  Kegion, 
  Second 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  of 
  

   Pennsylvania, 
  vol. 
  G--7, 
  p. 
  55, 
  1883. 
  

  

  f 
  The 
  Geology 
  of 
  Pike 
  and 
  Monroe 
  Counties, 
  pp. 
  73-82, 
  Second 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  

   Pa., 
  vol. 
  G-6, 
  1882. 
  

  

  % 
  Summary, 
  final 
  report, 
  ii, 
  pp. 
  1593, 
  1597, 
  1892. 
  

  

  