﻿F. 
  A. 
  Perret 
  — 
  Volcanic 
  Research 
  at 
  Kilauea. 
  

  

  181 
  

  

  less 
  brilliant, 
  appears 
  of 
  a 
  whitish 
  incandescence, 
  giving 
  the 
  

   impression 
  of 
  higher 
  temperature. 
  

  

  From 
  all 
  the 
  foregoing 
  remarks 
  it 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  inferred 
  

   that 
  the 
  writer 
  is 
  casting 
  doubt 
  on 
  the 
  many 
  reliable 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  lava 
  at 
  very 
  high 
  temperatures, 
  nor 
  that 
  he 
  finds 
  any 
  

   difficulty 
  in 
  believing 
  that 
  lava 
  may 
  be 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  at 
  

   white 
  heat. 
  His 
  contention 
  is 
  that 
  such 
  high 
  temperatures 
  are 
  

   rare 
  and, 
  at 
  Kilauea, 
  would 
  soon 
  result 
  in 
  a 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  former 
  

   condition 
  of 
  main-crater 
  activity. 
  At 
  Vesuvius, 
  in 
  1906, 
  the 
  lava 
  

  

  Fig. 
  3. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  3. 
  Pot 
  and 
  chain, 
  filled 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  lava 
  taken 
  from 
  " 
  Old 
  

   Faithful." 
  (Photo 
  by 
  H. 
  E. 
  Schulz.) 
  

  

  flowed 
  from 
  a 
  fissure 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  flank 
  at 
  five 
  meters 
  per 
  

   second 
  while 
  jets 
  of 
  liquid 
  fragments 
  shot 
  directly 
  from 
  the 
  

   central 
  conduit 
  a 
  thousand 
  meters 
  into 
  the 
  air 
  ; 
  at 
  Etna, 
  in 
  

   1910, 
  the 
  lava, 
  at 
  its 
  source, 
  had 
  even 
  greater 
  velocity, 
  with 
  

   flames 
  of 
  burning 
  gas 
  ten 
  meters 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  Stromboli, 
  in 
  1907 
  

   and 
  1912, 
  shot 
  the 
  liquid 
  contents 
  of 
  its 
  conduit 
  into 
  view 
  

   in 
  magnificent 
  fiery 
  spray, 
  and 
  the 
  lava 
  fountains 
  of 
  Kilauea, 
  

   in 
  1911, 
  were 
  ^^-photographed 
  in 
  1/1 
  second, 
  at 
  midnight, 
  

   with 
  a 
  working 
  aperture 
  of 
  F. 
  10, 
  — 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  conditions 
  

   involved 
  a 
  temperature 
  approximating 
  white 
  heat. 
  

  

  The 
  expedition 
  not 
  being 
  provided 
  with 
  apparatus 
  for 
  the 
  

   collection 
  of 
  gases, 
  it 
  was 
  determined 
  to, 
  at 
  least, 
  attempt 
  the 
  

   taking 
  of 
  lava 
  directly 
  from 
  a 
  fountain 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  cables. 
  

  

  