﻿482 
  F. 
  A. 
  Perret 
  — 
  Volcanic 
  Research 
  at 
  Kilauea. 
  

  

  A 
  plumbers' 
  solder 
  pot, 
  attached 
  by 
  a 
  heavy 
  iron 
  chain 
  to 
  a 
  

   steel 
  lowering 
  cable, 
  formed 
  the 
  recipient 
  and, 
  by 
  great 
  good 
  

   fortune, 
  the 
  experiment 
  was 
  immediately 
  successful 
  — 
  " 
  Old 
  

   Faithful" 
  engulfing 
  the 
  pot 
  and 
  chain 
  — 
  and, 
  although 
  the 
  

   strain 
  nearly 
  wrecked 
  the 
  entire 
  plant, 
  the 
  very 
  spring 
  of 
  the 
  

   main 
  cable 
  aided 
  in 
  the 
  immediate 
  withdrawal 
  of 
  the 
  recipient 
  

   which, 
  brought 
  to 
  shore, 
  presented 
  the 
  appearance 
  shown 
  in 
  

   fig. 
  3. 
  The 
  pot 
  and 
  chain 
  — 
  just 
  too 
  hot 
  to 
  be 
  touched 
  — 
  were 
  

   hung 
  from 
  a 
  beam 
  in 
  the 
  station 
  and, 
  at 
  the 
  expiration 
  of 
  three 
  

  

  Fig. 
  4. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  4. 
  Section 
  of 
  contents 
  of 
  pot 
  showing 
  three 
  zones 
  of 
  consolidation. 
  

  

  hours, 
  were 
  still 
  at 
  virtually 
  the 
  sa?ne 
  temperature, 
  while, 
  

   during 
  the 
  fourth 
  hour, 
  the 
  entire 
  mass 
  turned 
  cold. 
  This 
  

   result 
  was 
  unlooked 
  for 
  — 
  and 
  the 
  taking 
  of 
  regular 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  readings 
  neglected 
  — 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  negative 
  result 
  of 
  an 
  

   experiment 
  on 
  the 
  Etna 
  lava 
  of 
  1910, 
  when 
  pyrometer 
  readings 
  

   were 
  taken 
  at 
  one 
  minute 
  intervals, 
  by 
  the 
  writer, 
  on 
  a 
  cooling 
  

   mass 
  of 
  lava. 
  In 
  that 
  case 
  the 
  temperature 
  fell 
  from 
  970° 
  C. 
  

   to 
  150° 
  C. 
  in 
  an 
  hour, 
  but 
  without 
  any 
  notable 
  abnormality 
  in 
  

   the 
  regularity 
  of 
  its 
  descent. 
  The 
  probability 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  

   be 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Etna 
  lava, 
  the 
  first 
  phases 
  of 
  crys- 
  

   tallization 
  had 
  already 
  progressed 
  to 
  an 
  extent 
  incompatible 
  

   with 
  further 
  development 
  in 
  this 
  short 
  time 
  of 
  cooling, 
  while 
  

   thisKilauean 
  fountain 
  lava 
  is 
  so 
  pure 
  a 
  glass 
  that 
  the 
  beginning 
  

  

  