﻿F. 
  A. 
  Perrtt 
  — 
  Volcanic 
  Research 
  at 
  Kilauea. 
  487 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  writer 
  had 
  intended 
  commenting 
  at 
  some 
  length 
  

   on 
  this 
  most 
  interesting 
  report, 
  especially 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  question 
  

   of 
  anhydricity, 
  but 
  lack 
  of 
  space 
  absolutely 
  necessitates 
  defer- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  the 
  discussion, 
  which, 
  to 
  have 
  any 
  value, 
  would 
  be 
  long. 
  

   The 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  the 
  writer's 
  successors 
  at 
  Kilauea 
  should 
  

   throw 
  great 
  light 
  upon 
  the 
  exact 
  nature 
  and 
  proportions 
  of 
  the 
  

   emanations 
  ; 
  the 
  field 
  is 
  a 
  fertile 
  one 
  for 
  direct 
  research, 
  and 
  

   there 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  observatory, 
  now 
  established 
  

   and 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  Professor 
  Jaggar, 
  will 
  prove 
  itself 
  an 
  insti- 
  

   tution 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  value 
  to 
  the 
  growing 
  science 
  of 
  vol- 
  

   canology. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  salient 
  points 
  brought 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  series 
  

   of 
  papers 
  on 
  Kilauea. 
  

  

  1. 
  Gaseous 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  mechanism 
  of 
  lava 
  fountains. 
  

  

  2. 
  Three 
  phases 
  of 
  fountain 
  action 
  distinguished. 
  

  

  3. 
  Air 
  oxidation 
  (burning) 
  of 
  gases 
  emanating 
  from 
  the 
  lava. 
  

  

  4. 
  The 
  burnt 
  gases 
  from 
  visible 
  cloud 
  readily 
  photographed. 
  

  

  5. 
  Islands 
  supported 
  by 
  chilling 
  to 
  them 
  of 
  artificial 
  shore 
  

   and 
  by 
  gas 
  flotation. 
  

  

  6. 
  Formation 
  of 
  gas 
  ducts 
  to 
  top 
  of 
  floating 
  islands. 
  

  

  7. 
  Formation 
  of 
  sub-surface 
  cavity 
  with 
  lava 
  dis-le 
  veiling 
  

   and 
  production 
  of 
  free 
  flowing 
  cascade. 
  

  

  8. 
  Sinking 
  of 
  islands 
  effected 
  by 
  lava 
  overflows 
  due 
  to 
  rapid 
  

   changes 
  of 
  level. 
  

  

  9. 
  So 
  called 
  "new 
  islands" 
  often 
  dne 
  to 
  chilling 
  of 
  lake 
  

   surface 
  by 
  re-flotation 
  of 
  sunken 
  island. 
  

  

  10. 
  Circulation 
  of 
  lake 
  initiated 
  by 
  gas 
  explosion, 
  and 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  by 
  sinking 
  of 
  heavy 
  surface 
  material. 
  

  

  11. 
  Elongated 
  form 
  of 
  lake 
  necessary 
  consequence 
  of 
  this 
  

   principle 
  of 
  circulation. 
  

  

  12. 
  Variations 
  in 
  height 
  of 
  lava 
  column 
  slightly 
  influenced 
  

   by 
  atmospheric 
  pressure 
  changes. 
  

  

  13. 
  More 
  strongly 
  by 
  luni-solar 
  gravitational 
  influence. 
  

  

  14. 
  Pronounced 
  sinking 
  of 
  lava 
  after 
  gaseous 
  outburst. 
  

  

  15. 
  Crater 
  ledges 
  may 
  subside 
  so 
  gradually 
  and 
  by 
  so 
  minute 
  

   a 
  subdivision 
  as 
  to 
  constitute 
  a 
  " 
  slow 
  flow." 
  

  

  16. 
  Evidence 
  of 
  many 
  explosive 
  phases 
  in 
  the 
  past 
  of 
  

   Kilauea. 
  

  

  17. 
  Characteristically 
  tail-less 
  bombs. 
  

  

  18. 
  " 
  Pele's 
  tears." 
  

  

  19. 
  Strong 
  evidence 
  from 
  native 
  tradition 
  as 
  to 
  antiquity, 
  

   normal 
  origin, 
  explosive, 
  activity, 
  etc. 
  of 
  Kilauea. 
  

  

  20. 
  Monolithic 
  consolidation 
  of 
  stagnant 
  lava. 
  

  

  21. 
  Shell 
  or 
  tubular 
  consolidation 
  of 
  flowing 
  lava. 
  

  

  