﻿Geology 
  and 
  Mineralogy. 
  653 
  

  

  "evidence 
  that 
  the 
  waters 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  assemblage 
  flourished 
  

   were 
  cool 
  " 
  (26). 
  This 
  evidence 
  also 
  appears 
  to 
  fall 
  in 
  with 
  that 
  

   of 
  the 
  Table 
  Mountain 
  tillites 
  of 
  South 
  Africa. 
  

  

  "The 
  entire 
  assemblage 
  inclusive 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  Devonian 
  faunas 
  

   thus 
  far 
  known 
  from 
  Brazil 
  (with 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  sandstone 
  

   fauna 
  (Middle 
  Devonian) 
  and 
  black 
  shale 
  fauna 
  (Upper 
  Devonian 
  

   of 
  Erere* 
  and 
  vicinity) 
  ; 
  from 
  all 
  horizons 
  in 
  Bolivia, 
  Argentina, 
  

   the 
  Falkland 
  Islands 
  and 
  Cape 
  Colony 
  (not 
  including 
  the 
  Witte- 
  

   berg 
  series 
  now 
  regarded 
  by 
  some 
  writers 
  as 
  of 
  Carboniferous 
  

   age) 
  bears 
  a 
  special 
  and 
  distinctive 
  impress 
  which 
  is 
  characterized 
  

   as 
  austral 
  in 
  contrast 
  to 
  the 
  boreal 
  aspect 
  of 
  homotaxial 
  faunas 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  equator. 
  These 
  distinctions 
  consist 
  in 
  specific 
  

   resemblances 
  without 
  identities 
  ; 
  in 
  parallel 
  developments 
  afford- 
  

   ing 
  different 
  resultants 
  ; 
  in 
  invasions 
  of 
  generic 
  structures 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  clearly 
  disturbing 
  generic 
  agreements, 
  and 
  in 
  irregular 
  

   outgrowth 
  of 
  species 
  distinctions 
  on 
  generic 
  foundations 
  common 
  

   both 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  the 
  south. 
  

  

  "The 
  fauna 
  discussed 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  assemblage 
  repre- 
  

   sents 
  the 
  Early 
  Devonian 
  stages 
  only, 
  and 
  inferentially 
  that 
  in 
  

   this 
  region 
  later 
  stages 
  of 
  Devonian 
  life 
  and 
  of 
  sedimentation 
  are, 
  

   on 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  present 
  knowledge, 
  wholly 
  absent. 
  

  

  " 
  If 
  the 
  foregoing 
  deduction 
  is 
  correct 
  we 
  may 
  infer 
  that 
  the 
  

   austral 
  continent 
  was 
  either 
  high 
  out 
  of 
  water 
  during 
  the 
  later 
  

   Devonian, 
  or 
  that 
  the 
  deposits 
  of 
  this 
  time 
  are 
  now 
  deeply 
  sub- 
  

   merged 
  under 
  land 
  or 
  sea. 
  We 
  prefer 
  the 
  former 
  conclusion 
  " 
  

   (7,8). 
  

  

  "Notwithstanding 
  the 
  faunal 
  distinction 
  north 
  and 
  south, 
  

   which 
  is 
  essential, 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  no 
  lack 
  of 
  opportunity 
  for 
  the 
  

   passage 
  of 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  platform 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  

   the 
  northern 
  Devonian 
  continent, 
  so 
  closely 
  did 
  the 
  two 
  approach 
  

   each 
  other 
  both 
  at 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  west. 
  And 
  again 
  there 
  has 
  

   been 
  no 
  departure 
  in 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  austral 
  fauna 
  from 
  the 
  

   normal 
  path 
  of 
  development 
  shown 
  by 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  boreal. 
  They 
  

   have 
  traveled 
  a 
  similar 
  course, 
  building 
  superstructures 
  of 
  unlike 
  

   detail 
  on 
  a 
  similar 
  foundation. 
  The 
  order 
  of 
  succession 
  in 
  vital 
  

   events 
  has 
  been 
  harmonious 
  both 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  

   there 
  are 
  superficial 
  similarities 
  commingled 
  with 
  more 
  palpable 
  

   distinctions" 
  (70-1). 
  c. 
  s. 
  

  

  3. 
  A 
  Monograph 
  of 
  the 
  Terrestrial 
  Palaeozoic 
  Arachnida 
  of 
  

   North 
  America 
  ; 
  by 
  Alexander 
  Petrunkevitch. 
  Trans. 
  Conn. 
  

   Acad. 
  Arts 
  and 
  Sci., 
  vol. 
  xviii, 
  pp. 
  1-137, 
  pis. 
  i-xiii, 
  88 
  text 
  figs., 
  

   1913. 
  — 
  The 
  author 
  here 
  brings 
  together 
  all 
  that 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  

   North 
  American 
  Paleozoic 
  arachnids. 
  Of 
  specimens 
  he 
  studied 
  

   101, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  often 
  that 
  an 
  author 
  reaps 
  so 
  rich 
  a 
  harvest, 
  for 
  

   of 
  the 
  25 
  genera 
  treated 
  13 
  are 
  new, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  42 
  species, 
  27 
  are 
  

   new. 
  Of 
  the 
  order 
  Solifugae, 
  no 
  fossil 
  forms 
  were 
  heretofore 
  

   known, 
  and 
  with 
  one 
  bound 
  the 
  group 
  is 
  now 
  taken 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  

   Coal 
  Measures 
  in 
  Protosolpuga 
  carbonaria. 
  Then 
  there 
  is 
  also 
  

   defined 
  a 
  new 
  order, 
  Kustarachnae. 
  The 
  author 
  discusses 
  the 
  

   system 
  of 
  Arachnida, 
  the 
  phylogenetic 
  development, 
  and 
  the 
  

  

  