W. H. Twenhofel — Physiography of Newfoundland. 15 



the mouth. The flat-topped " barrens " of the foreland rising 

 to elevations of about 75 feet or less, are remnants of terraces 

 that are devoid of trees by reason of their swampiness. Around 

 Mall Bay south of Hawke Harbor, three beautifully preserved 

 terraces occur at elevations of about 15, 25, and 40 feet, while 

 still higher may be seen remnants of others, and at Pomaine 

 River, near Port au Port, there are five, the highest about 70 

 feet above the sea. 



In the interior, terraces exist around Grand and Deer Lakes, 

 there being at least three at the former at about 5, 15, and 60 

 feet above lake level, which is 255 feet above the sea ; and in 

 the Humber gorge there are also at least three.* There seems 

 no reason for doubting that these inland terraces can be readily 

 correlated with those of the shore. 



Barrier oeaches. — At several places barriers extend along 

 the sides of shore slopes like windrows of hay in a meadow. 

 Two places in particular where such are rather marked are 

 Current Island, south of St. Barbe Bay, where there are eight, 

 the highest being between 20 and 25 feet above sea-level, and 

 each elevated about 2 to 3 feet above the other ; and at Trap- 

 per Cove, south of Hawke Harbor, where there are six, with 

 the highest about 20 feet above sea-level, with about 3 feet ver- 

 tically between one and the next above. These barriers are 

 bare of vegetation and are composed of fresh rock derived from 

 the limestone of the coast, and have, moreover, been there a 

 number of years, appearing to have been formed by successive 

 relative elevations and not by a succession of storms, each of 

 less magnitude than the preceding, as at the latter point they 

 are in a protected place and in the former on the land side of 

 the island. 



Delta deposits. — At the mouth of almost every stream on the 

 west coast there is a flat-topped alluvial deposit with the upper sur- 

 face now standing at an elevation of 60 to 75 feet. The depos- 

 its consist of coarse and fine alluvium, the particles rounded, and 

 derived in most cases from the neighboring elevations. They 

 cannot be interpreted as other than delta deposits formed at a 

 time when the strand-line stood relatively higher by- at least 60 

 feet. At many places on each side of the delta flat a terrace 

 continues the level, winding in and out of the reentrants of the 

 coast (see view 4). 



Marine shells. — Mya arenaria was observed in clays and 

 sand at two localities on the west coast of Newfoundland, — the 

 modern seacliff on the west side of Port Sanders and in the 

 cliffs of glacial material five or six miles south of Hawke Har- 

 bor, being in each case but a few feet above high-tide level. 

 Rock surfaces riddled by lithodomous shells exist at many 



* Schnchert, Note book, September 4, 1910. 



