30 W. A. Drushel — Hydrolysis of Esters in Fatty Acids. 



this direction was observed even at 50° C. The hydrolysis 

 reactions apparently proceeded smoothly according to the fol- 

 lowing equations : 



Cl-CH 2 -COOC 2 H 5 +HOH^z±Cl-CH 2 -COOH + C 2 H 5 OH, and 

 CN-CH 2 -COOC 2 H 5 + HOH^z±ClSr-CH -COOH + C 2 H 5 OH. 



Table II. 

 Ethyl cyanacetate in water alone. 



A. At 35° C. 



Ethyl acetate Ethyl chloracetate Ethyl cyanacetate 



T in hr. % hydrol. T in hr. % hydrol. T in hr. % hydrol. 







50-5 50-5 6-6 30 2'5 



111-5 0-3 111*5 15-3 50-5 4'4 



163*5 0-5 163-5 24'5 149 13'3 



281 1-4 281 41-3 173*5 15'8 



385 2-2 385 52'9 201 22'3 



476 3-1 476 59-2 240 27'3 



573 3-9 573 63*7 294 33'9 



337 38-1 



B. At 50° C. 







24 0-2 2 4-2 2 2*1 



53 0-4 24 9-9 24 3'4 



76 0-5 53 35-4 53 8'8 



96 0-7 76 56*7 76 22'4 



120 0-9 96 70-2 96 30'3 



.145 1-2 120 80-6 12<> 38'8 



145 87-9 145 48-7 



Table III. 



Summary. 



Hydrolysis in N/10 HC1 



Ethyl Ethyl 



Ethyl acetate chloracetate cyanacetate 



10 5 K 10 5 K 10 5 K 



'At 25° C. 67*7 45*8 10-25 



' At 35° C. 159 3 91*7 23*1 



At 50° C. 496-9 321-2 76*9 



Hydrolysis in water alone 



T T T 



in hr. % hydrol. in hr. % hydrol. in hr. % hydrol. 



At 35° C. 337 1-8 337 47*5 337 38'1 



At 50° C. 145 1-2 145 87*9 145 48'7 



Hydrolysis in Alkaline Solution. — Decinormal solutions of 

 ethyl cyanacetate in decinormal and fifth normal solutions of 

 barium hydroxide were placed in a thermostat at 25° and 35° C. 

 "The decomposition of the ester apparently took place in two 



