Geology and Natural History. 163 



genie force. The author states that : "The stresses which gave 

 rise to those faults may possibly be very superficial and in no way 

 connected with those deeper seated forces which deform the 

 earth's crust in a large way. It is at least noteworthy that we 

 have in these cases to deal with a peculiar type of faulting which 

 is almost wholly confined, so far as our knowledge goes, to slatey 

 and shaley rocks. The close spacing of the faults, the distri- 

 bution of the movement, the small amount of overthrust in each 

 particular fault, and their confinement to soft, relatively plastic 

 rocks, suggest that they are perhaps due to stresses connected 

 with a volume change near the surface of the rocks concerned." 



5. Atlas Photo graphique des Formes du Relief Terrestre ; par 

 J. Brunhes, E. Chaix, Emm. de Martonne. Geneva (Editeurs, 

 Fred. Boissonnas et Cie.). — In this Journal for April, 1911, the 

 plan adopted by the Geographical Congress at Geneva for the 

 publication of an Atlas of terrestrial relief -forms was explained in 

 detail. This plan originated in 1907, when M. E. Chaix proposed 

 the publication of an "Atlas de 1'lJrosion," in which M. J. Brunhes 

 later agreed to cooperate. In 1908 the ninth International Con- 

 gress of Geography took the matter up and the scheme which 

 has now taken shape was developed. The specimen number, 

 which has recently been distributed, is gratifying as showing 

 the admirable way in which the promises of the prospectus have 

 been fulfilled. Eight plates are here given, each with the text 

 required to explain the views. One of these is of the Grand 

 Combin, showing the forms produced by mechanical disintegra- 

 tion and by glacial influences ; another of the Ravin de Theus 

 illustrates the elementary forms of erosion by streams of water ; 

 another of James Peak, Colorado, exhibits the subdued forms of 

 a high mountain modified by glacial action ; still another gives 

 two striking views of desert dunes at Taghit in southern Algeria. 

 All the plates are reproduced from excellent photographs with 

 striking fidelity. A special sheet gives in detail the classification 

 of the forms to be illustrated in the complete work ; there are 

 nine general types, and each of these is more or less minutely 

 subdivided. The value of the work as a whole to geographers, 

 geologists, and the intelligent public at large can hardly be over- 

 estimated, and it is not to be doubted that the 300 subscribers 

 will be soon obtained who are needed to make the publication 

 possible at a moderate price. Circulars and other information 

 may be obtained from the executive committee : Prof. J. Brunhes, 

 Fribourg, Switzerland ; Prof. E. Chaix, 23 Ave. du Mail, Geneva, 

 and Prof. E. de Martonne, 248 Bd. Raspail, Paris. 



6. New Zealand Botanical Notes, by B. C. Aston. These 

 include : (1) Botanical Notes made on a Journey across the 

 Tararuas, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Yol. XLII, 25 pages, 1 map, 7 plates, 

 1909. (2) List of Phanerogamic Plants indigenous in the Welling- 

 ton Province. Ibid, Vol. XLIII, pp. 22, sketch map, 1910. 

 (3) Some effects of Imported Animals on the Indigenous Vege- 

 tation. Read before Wellington Philosophical Society, May 10th, 



