414 R. S. Lull — Life of the Connecticut T> 



mas. 



Connecticut, implies the presence during early Newark time of 

 a large river or fresh-water lake containing sufficient fish for the 

 maintenance of animals which may have attained the length of 

 a dozen feet. The original specimen of Phytidodon validus 

 is preserved in the Yale Museum. 



The Connecticut valley dinosaurs, known from their osseous 

 remains, are all carnivores, but within that group, the Thero- 

 poda, two sorts are represented, the heavier, more powerfully 

 aggressive anchisaurs and the slender, swift-running podokesaur, 

 representing the two main phyla of the suborder. The 

 anchisaurs, represented by two genera and four species, w r ere 

 animals of fairly robust proportions, especially Ammosaurus 

 major, bipedal though with fore-limbs proportionately larger 

 than in the carnivores of later geologic time, and still well fit- 

 ted for grasping their prey. There is no evidence, however— 

 and their footprints are known by the hundreds — that they ever 

 placed the hands upon the ground even while resting. The 

 teeth in the skull of Anchisaurus colurvs are not of the pierc- 

 ing and cutting type seen in the ?arger, more aggressive c?.r- 

 nivores known elsewhere, but are somewhat spatulate, amply 

 sufficient, however, for the feebler reptilian and amphibian 

 creatures which doubtless formed their prey. The light, hol- 

 low bones, together with complete bipedalism, imply swift 

 movement over a wide range of territory. 



Of the known anchisaurs Anchisaurus solus is the smallest 

 with an estimated length of about 3J feet. A. colurus reached 

 7 feet, and A. polyzelus was of nearly equivalent size, the 

 former being slightly the larger, while Ammosaurus major 

 was an animal of perhaps 8f feet in length. A restoration of 

 Anchisaurus colurus, both skeleton and flesh, is here shown 

 (flgs.2,3). 



With the exception of the type of Anchisaurus polyzelus, 

 which is preserved at Amherst College, the Yale Museum con- 

 tains all the known material pertaining to this group. 



Podokesaurus holyokensis represents the latest discovery of 

 dinosaurian remains in the Connecticut valley region. It was 

 found by Miss Mignon Talbot during 1910. This animal, 

 known from the entire skeleton of the trunk and much 

 of the tail and limbs but unfortunately lacking the head and 

 anterior portion of the neck, has been restored by the writer 

 (fig. 4) as a long-limbed type with an excessively long and slender 

 tail. The head is Restored from that of Compsognathus of the 

 middle Jurassic of Bavaria, but the rest is based almost with- 

 out exception upon the skeleton. The estimated length of 

 Podokesaurus is 3f feet. 



Podokesaurus was essentially a slender, cursorial animal, 

 carnivorous in habits, but from the very slenderness which 



