jS. JPoivers — Granite in Kansas. 149 



Haworth secured two varieties of dark-colored schists (evidently 

 inclusions or dikes) and in the first well he found a one-foot 

 bed of shale 32 feet within the granite (a fissure or cave filling 

 or a dike).^ Above the granite in both these wells, there is a 

 bed of fossiliferous shale. 



Pre-Cambrian granite is known in the Wichita, Arbuckle, 

 and Ozark Mountains. The only Paleozoic granite in the 

 region is the dike near Spavinaw, Mayes County, Oklahoma, 

 on the edge of the Ozark Mountains, f the known extent of 

 which is 1200 by 50 feet. It runs along the axis of a gentle 

 anticlinal fold in a ]Sr.30°E. direction, cutting Ordovician strata, 

 and yet these strata are described as being free from any 

 special metamorphic action due to the dike rock. No similar 

 dikes have been reported. 



The local extent of the buried granite knobs and their lineal 

 arrangement suggest that in the beginning of Pennsylvanian 

 time they presented an appearance similar to that of the 

 Wichita Mountains now or at the beginning of Permian de- 

 position. These knobs must belong to a mountain system of 

 pre-Pennsylvanian age and yet they are situated in a region 

 which is supposed to have been covered at intervals and for 

 varying lengths of time by Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, 

 and Lower Mississippian seas. The mountain system to which 

 the granite belongs must have been formed either in the pre- 

 Cambrian, the Lower Paleozoic (pre-Silurian), or in the 

 Mississippian and is probably a part either of the Lake Superior 

 or of the Appalachian folding — further drilling, especially in 

 Nebraska and Iowa, should show which. A study of variations 

 in the intensity of gravity in the region of the granite should 

 also conclusively prove that the granite knobs are part of a 

 large mountain structure and should delimit this structure. 

 Up to the present time only one station in the eastern half of 

 Kansas furnishes any data and the anomaly of this station 

 according to the Hayford 1916 method is positive, agreeing 

 with the anomalies of the stations in the United States 

 situated on pre-Cambrian formations.;}: 



During the Lower Paleozoic, uplifts took place west and 

 north of the present Appalachian system in two regions : 

 the Cincinnati axis upon which rise the Cincinnati and 

 Nashville domes ; and the Ozark axis. If it be granted 

 that the Ouachita, Arbuckle, and Wichita mountains represent 

 the prolongation of the Appalachian system west of the 

 Mississippi (see fig. 1), running in a N.75^W. direction, or 



*0p. cit., pp. 28-26. 



fN. F. Drake, Proc. Amer. PMl. Soc, xxxvi, 338-343, 1698. 

 X Wm, Bowie, Investigations of gravity and isostasy, U. S. Coast and 

 Geodetic Survey, Special Pub. No., p. 73, fig. 12, 1917. 



