﻿216 
  J. 
  J. 
  Stevenson 
  — 
  Origin 
  of 
  Formkohle. 
  

  

  much 
  tar 
  and 
  even 
  some 
  paraffin. 
  He 
  remarks 
  also 
  that 
  one 
  

   cannot 
  represent 
  graphically 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  bitumens, 
  

   because 
  the 
  coal 
  of 
  any 
  bed 
  varies 
  in 
  content 
  of 
  tar 
  and 
  "bitu- 
  

   mens," 
  both 
  horizontally 
  and 
  vertically 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  composition 
  

   of 
  those 
  products 
  varies 
  in 
  like 
  manner. 
  

  

  Potonie 
  believed 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  Zeitz-Weissenfels 
  area, 
  the 
  tar 
  

   and 
  bitumen 
  content 
  increases 
  from 
  southeast 
  to 
  northwest; 
  

   but 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  Raefler's 
  map 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  increase 
  is 
  equally 
  

   notable 
  from 
  east 
  to 
  west 
  in 
  the 
  basin 
  north 
  from 
  Zeitz 
  (23 
  

   miles 
  southwest 
  from 
  Leipzig). 
  At 
  Teuchern, 
  about 
  10 
  miles 
  

   northwest 
  from 
  Zeitz, 
  the 
  coal 
  is 
  very 
  rich, 
  but 
  within 
  4 
  miles 
  

   toward 
  the 
  east, 
  the 
  yield 
  is 
  so 
  small 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  unprofitable. 
  

   The 
  most 
  important 
  area 
  is 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  small 
  isolated 
  basins, 
  

   within 
  a 
  space 
  of 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  square 
  mile, 
  lying 
  west 
  from 
  

   the 
  Pippach 
  river 
  and 
  north 
  from 
  Teuchern. 
  Here 
  are 
  the 
  

   well-known 
  properties 
  of 
  Gesterwitz, 
  Granschiitz 
  and 
  Teu- 
  

   chern. 
  These 
  patches 
  occupy 
  independent 
  basins, 
  of 
  Pre- 
  

   Tertiary 
  origin, 
  and 
  their 
  coal 
  is 
  wholly 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  

   east 
  from 
  the 
  Pippach. 
  Bitumen 
  content 
  of 
  25 
  to 
  30 
  per 
  cent 
  

   is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  rare. 
  In 
  these 
  basins 
  the 
  coal 
  is 
  richest 
  toward 
  

   the 
  borders, 
  where 
  it 
  contains 
  so 
  great 
  proportion 
  of 
  pyropissite 
  

   that 
  the 
  monthly 
  yield 
  at 
  the 
  'works 
  was 
  from 
  7*3 
  to 
  9'5 
  kilo- 
  

   grammes 
  of 
  tar 
  per 
  hectoliter. 
  

  

  Aside 
  from 
  deposits 
  on 
  the 
  borders, 
  pyropissite 
  occurs 
  in 
  

   great 
  isolated 
  nests, 
  mostly 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  ; 
  

   usually, 
  however, 
  Feuer- 
  and 
  Schwelkohle 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  alternat- 
  

   ing 
  layers. 
  At 
  most 
  localities, 
  the 
  best 
  Schwelkohle 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  

   lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  often 
  wanting 
  at 
  the 
  top. 
  Coal 
  

   from 
  two 
  properties, 
  one 
  near 
  Gaumnitz 
  south 
  from 
  Teuchern, 
  

   and 
  the 
  other 
  from 
  Webau 
  north 
  from 
  that 
  village, 
  gave 
  the 
  

   following 
  results 
  of 
  bitumen 
  analysis 
  in 
  successive 
  layers 
  from 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  upward 
  : 
  

  

  Webau 
  

  

  _ 
  21-0 
  

  

  27'2 
  

  

  18-1 
  

  

  9-1 
  

  

  21*3 
  

  

  3-5 
  

  

  Gaumnitz 
  

  

  19*3 
  

  

  21-4 
  

  

  25-6 
  

  

  6'6 
  

  

  17-9 
  

  

  5'9 
  

  

  the 
  calculation 
  being 
  based 
  on 
  pure 
  coal. 
  The 
  bed 
  is 
  from 
  15 
  

   to 
  20 
  meters, 
  extreme 
  thickness. 
  Paefler 
  regards 
  the 
  distribu- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  liptobioliths, 
  the 
  undisturbed 
  and 
  regular 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   the 
  pyropissite-brown 
  coal, 
  the 
  stratigraphical 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  

   independent 
  basins 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  border 
  as 
  all-important 
  in 
  

   any 
  discussion 
  respecting 
  accumulation 
  of 
  this 
  material 
  and 
  as 
  

   wholly 
  antagonistic 
  to 
  the 
  conception 
  of 
  secondarily-allochthon- 
  

   ous 
  origin. 
  As 
  the 
  petty 
  basins 
  at 
  the 
  northwest 
  are 
  of 
  Pre- 
  

   Tertiary 
  age 
  and 
  in 
  all 
  probability 
  always 
  isolated, 
  their 
  

   pyropissite 
  cannot 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  collected 
  resin 
  of 
  coals 
  at 
  

   the 
  east. 
  He 
  makes 
  the 
  positive 
  assertion, 
  based 
  on 
  analyses, 
  

   that 
  Klarkohle, 
  the 
  transported 
  coal 
  of 
  Potonie, 
  is 
  not 
  richer 
  

  

  