﻿THE 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  SCIENCE 
  

  

  [FOURTH 
  SERIES.] 
  

  

  Art. 
  XXIII. 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916 
  ; 
  by 
  T. 
  A. 
  

  

  Jag 
  gar, 
  Jr. 
  

  

  In 
  accordance 
  with 
  published 
  expectations, 
  the 
  outbreak 
  of 
  

   Mauna 
  Loa 
  volcano, 
  Hawaii, 
  from 
  the 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  mountain, 
  

   relieving 
  the 
  congested 
  fluids 
  within 
  by 
  effervescent 
  ejection 
  of 
  

   them 
  through 
  gas 
  pressure, 
  took 
  place 
  May 
  19-31, 
  1916.* 
  The 
  

   summit 
  crater 
  Mokuaweoweo 
  did 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  partake 
  in 
  the 
  

   activity 
  but 
  one 
  report 
  from 
  an 
  exploring 
  party 
  which 
  visited 
  

   the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  crater 
  in 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1916 
  indicates 
  that 
  

   there 
  may 
  be 
  some 
  changes 
  there. 
  The 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  erup- 
  

   tion 
  here 
  given 
  will 
  treat 
  of 
  the 
  sequence 
  of 
  events 
  at 
  both 
  

   Kilauea 
  and 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1915-16. 
  

  

  Kilauea 
  1911^-16. 
  

  

  The 
  accompanying 
  diagram 
  (fig. 
  1) 
  shows 
  the 
  fluctuation 
  in 
  

   level 
  of 
  lava 
  in 
  Halemaumau 
  pit, 
  the 
  inner 
  summit 
  crater 
  of 
  

   Kilauea 
  volcano, 
  from 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  low 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  of 
  

   1914 
  to 
  November 
  10, 
  1916. 
  The 
  black 
  vertical 
  lines 
  show 
  

   the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  lava 
  surface 
  on 
  the 
  dates 
  indicated, 
  measured 
  

   as 
  depression 
  below 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  pit 
  in 
  feet 
  (left 
  column 
  of 
  

   figures), 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  Halemaumau 
  standing 
  3700 
  feet 
  (1128 
  m.) 
  

   above 
  mean 
  sea-level 
  as 
  recorded 
  by 
  government 
  bench 
  marks. 
  

   The 
  elevations 
  above 
  sea-level 
  are 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  right 
  hand 
  

   column 
  of 
  figures. 
  The 
  periods 
  of 
  premonitory 
  seismic 
  spasms, 
  

   believed 
  to 
  originate 
  on 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  are 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  diagram, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  gas 
  and 
  lava 
  outbreaks 
  of 
  

  

  *This 
  Journal, 
  Feb., 
  1915, 
  p. 
  167: 
  Dec, 
  1915, 
  p. 
  621 
  ; 
  Annual 
  Honolulu 
  

   Chamber 
  of 
  Commerce, 
  1912, 
  " 
  The 
  Cross 
  of 
  Hawaii," 
  p. 
  12 
  ; 
  Eeport 
  Hawai- 
  

   ian 
  Volcano 
  Observatory, 
  Jan. 
  -Mar., 
  1912, 
  Boston, 
  p. 
  74; 
  Bull. 
  Hawn. 
  Vol. 
  

   Obs'y, 
  vol. 
  iii, 
  No. 
  4, 
  April, 
  1915, 
  p. 
  39 
  ; 
  Science 
  Conspectus, 
  Boston, 
  vol. 
  v, 
  

   No. 
  4, 
  1915, 
  p. 
  98. 
  

  

  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci.— 
  Fourth 
  Series, 
  Vol. 
  XLIII, 
  No. 
  256.— 
  April, 
  1917. 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  