﻿262 
  Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  

  

  similar 
  seismo-volcanic 
  crisis 
  first 
  on 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  and 
  then 
  on 
  

   Kilauea 
  in 
  May-June, 
  1916, 
  it 
  seems 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  Sep- 
  

   tember 
  disturbances 
  of 
  1915 
  indicated 
  a 
  spasm 
  of 
  rising 
  lava- 
  

   foam 
  splitting 
  its 
  way 
  upward 
  in 
  the 
  edifice 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  

   attaining 
  release 
  of 
  gas 
  pressure 
  in 
  some 
  unobserved 
  irruption 
  

   subterranean 
  or 
  submarine, 
  and 
  so 
  temporarily 
  impoverishing 
  

   Kilauea 
  as 
  to 
  induce 
  subsidence 
  in 
  its 
  lesser 
  edifice. 
  Even 
  an 
  

   outward 
  eruption 
  of 
  fume 
  from 
  the 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  rifts 
  enduring 
  

   several 
  hours 
  might 
  take 
  place 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  during 
  

   the 
  long 
  cloudy 
  spells, 
  and 
  pass 
  entirely 
  unperceived 
  except 
  as 
  

   a 
  seismic 
  event. 
  Complete 
  observation 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  will 
  

   remain 
  impossible 
  until 
  there 
  are 
  permanent 
  observers 
  housed 
  

   above 
  the 
  cloud 
  zone. 
  

  

  In 
  1916 
  the 
  earthquake 
  frequency 
  increased 
  by 
  leaps 
  and 
  

   bounds 
  with 
  the 
  outbreak 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   sidence 
  cataclysm 
  of 
  Halemaumau. 
  The 
  numbers 
  in 
  the 
  fol- 
  

   lowing 
  table 
  for 
  1916 
  are 
  only 
  approximate 
  as 
  the 
  seismograms 
  

   have 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  measured 
  : 
  

  

  1916. 
  

  

  Jan. 
  16 
  shocks 
  before 
  Jan. 
  15. 
  

   Feb. 
  ) 
  Incompletely 
  recorded 
  because 
  of 
  

   Mar. 
  ) 
  storm 
  damage 
  to 
  laboratory. 
  

   Apr. 
  14 
  shocks. 
  

  

  May 
  454 
  " 
  

  

  That 
  there 
  was 
  seismic 
  activity 
  coordinate 
  with 
  the 
  volcanic 
  

   events 
  cannot 
  be 
  questioned 
  (fig. 
  2). 
  Whether 
  the 
  deeper 
  

   earthquake 
  rift 
  movements 
  were 
  cause 
  or 
  effect 
  may 
  well 
  be 
  

   considered 
  a 
  subject 
  of 
  controversy. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  reasonable 
  

   doubt 
  that 
  the 
  epicentral 
  tract 
  of 
  the 
  earthquakes 
  of 
  May 
  

   19-28, 
  1916, 
  lay 
  along 
  the 
  southern 
  rift 
  zone 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  in 
  

   the 
  district 
  of 
  Kau. 
  (See 
  map 
  of 
  Hawaii, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  Dec. 
  

   1915, 
  p. 
  622;) 
  nor 
  that 
  the 
  earthquakes 
  of 
  June 
  5-7, 
  1916, 
  

   centered 
  about 
  Halemaumau. 
  

  

  In 
  proof 
  of 
  these 
  places 
  being 
  the 
  respective 
  seismic 
  centers 
  

   may 
  be 
  cited 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  first 
  series 
  was 
  felt 
  principally 
  

   at 
  Hilea 
  and 
  Papa, 
  on 
  opposite 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  lava 
  out- 
  

   flow 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  second 
  series 
  was 
  felt 
  most 
  strongly 
  at 
  

   Kilauea. 
  The 
  Weather 
  Bureau 
  reports* 
  that 
  felt 
  earthquakes 
  

   on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Hawaii 
  for 
  1916 
  were 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  January 
  1916. 
  

   6 
  earthquakes 
  in 
  north 
  Hawaii. 
  

   In 
  south 
  Hawaii 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Jan. 
  8, 
  5:20 
  p. 
  m., 
  Hilea 
  (SE. 
  base 
  Mauna 
  Loa) 
  

  

  10, 
  5:20 
  p. 
  m.j 
  Glenwood 
  (NE. 
  slope 
  Kilauea) 
  

   21, 
  4:20 
  p. 
  m., 
  Pahala 
  (SE. 
  base 
  Mauna 
  Loa) 
  

   21, 
  5:00 
  p. 
  m., 
  Hilea 
  

  

  * 
  Climatolog. 
  Data, 
  Hawaii 
  Section, 
  Jan. 
  -July, 
  1916, 
  Honolulu, 
  U. 
  S. 
  

   W. 
  B. 
  

  

  June 
  

  

  418 
  

  

  shocks 
  

  

  July 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  Aug. 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  Sept. 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  Oct. 
  

  

  23 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  