﻿268 
  Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  

  

  82° 
  30' 
  W., 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  one 
  approximately 
  S. 
  85° 
  30' 
  W., 
  from 
  

   the 
  Observatory, 
  indicating 
  an 
  explosion 
  about 
  the 
  11,000-foot 
  

   (3360 
  m.) 
  contour 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  along 
  a 
  N.E.-S.TV. 
  rift 
  over 
  a 
  

   distance 
  approximately 
  one 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  miles 
  long 
  (2*4 
  km.) 
  and 
  

   a 
  few 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  southwest 
  of 
  the 
  crater 
  Mokuaweoweo. 
  

   This 
  preliminary 
  explosion 
  of 
  vapor 
  reached 
  its 
  maximum 
  

   force 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  an 
  hour, 
  and 
  by 
  8:15 
  a. 
  m. 
  was 
  declining 
  

   so 
  that 
  by 
  10 
  a. 
  m. 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  the 
  column 
  had 
  disappeared. 
  

   The 
  fume 
  made 
  a 
  milky 
  bluish 
  cirrus 
  which 
  spread 
  over 
  the 
  

   sky 
  and 
  was 
  visible 
  above 
  the 
  lower 
  rain 
  cumulus 
  until 
  night- 
  

   fall, 
  developing 
  a 
  ripple 
  pattern. 
  The 
  color 
  was 
  quite 
  distinct 
  

   from 
  that 
  of 
  ordinary 
  clouds 
  and 
  showed 
  iridescence 
  in 
  places. 
  

  

  Some 
  lava 
  was 
  ejected 
  from 
  this 
  high 
  vent 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   reports 
  of 
  cattlemen, 
  and 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  whitish 
  discoloration 
  along 
  

   the 
  high 
  rift 
  at 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  this 
  outbreak 
  was 
  seen 
  and 
  photo- 
  

   graphed 
  from 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  ten 
  miles 
  (16 
  km.) 
  south 
  by 
  

   an 
  Observatory 
  party 
  in 
  July. 
  This 
  was 
  probably 
  a 
  spatter 
  of 
  

   pumiceous 
  lava 
  adjacent 
  to 
  the 
  fissure. 
  

  

  A 
  little 
  fume 
  was 
  seen 
  at 
  sundown 
  May 
  19 
  and 
  21 
  in 
  thin 
  

   wisps 
  near 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  first 
  outbreak. 
  Miss 
  Paris 
  in 
  upper 
  

   Kaawaloa, 
  the 
  middle 
  Kona 
  district, 
  reported 
  seeing 
  in 
  the 
  

   morning 
  of 
  May 
  20, 
  a 
  " 
  pillar 
  of 
  smoke'' 
  high 
  up 
  the 
  southern 
  

   Mauna 
  Loa 
  slope. 
  Local 
  earthquakes 
  diminished 
  on 
  the 
  19th 
  

   after 
  the 
  first 
  storm 
  of 
  vibrations, 
  increased 
  on 
  the 
  20th 
  in 
  

   frequency 
  and 
  amplitude, 
  and 
  thereafter 
  were 
  registered 
  by 
  

   hundreds 
  as 
  recorded 
  above. 
  

  

  Lava 
  Outflow 
  May 
  21, 
  1916. 
  

  

  At 
  about 
  11 
  p. 
  m. 
  May 
  21, 
  liquid 
  basaltic 
  lava 
  spouted 
  up 
  in 
  

   fountains 
  along 
  the 
  main 
  southern 
  fissure 
  system 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  well-known 
  cone 
  called 
  Pun 
  o 
  Keokeo 
  in 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  at 
  an 
  elevation 
  

   higher 
  than 
  6600 
  feet 
  (2000 
  m.) 
  above 
  sea-level. 
  As 
  is 
  usual 
  

   with 
  Hawaiian 
  lava, 
  the 
  outwelling 
  was 
  quiet 
  and 
  produced 
  no 
  

   sufficient 
  noise 
  or 
  quaking 
  to 
  awaken 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  coast- 
  

   wise 
  plantations 
  nine 
  to 
  fifteen 
  miles 
  (15 
  to 
  24 
  km.) 
  away. 
  

   The 
  glow 
  on 
  the 
  sky, 
  however, 
  became 
  very 
  brilliant 
  and 
  was 
  

   first 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  Observatory 
  in 
  a 
  direction 
  S. 
  66° 
  W. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  night, 
  the 
  writer 
  accompanied 
  by 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  O. 
  

   Wood, 
  seismologist, 
  motored 
  from 
  Kilauea 
  by 
  the 
  government 
  

   road 
  to 
  Kau-Kona 
  boundary 
  making 
  a 
  partial 
  circuit 
  of 
  the 
  

   center 
  of 
  outflow 
  east, 
  south 
  and 
  southwest 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  from 
  

   sixteen 
  to 
  eleven 
  miles 
  (26 
  to 
  IT 
  km.) 
  of 
  Pun 
  o 
  Keokeo. 
  A 
  

   column 
  of 
  fume 
  illumined 
  red 
  from 
  below 
  was 
  seen 
  at 
  appar- 
  

   ently 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  distance 
  inland 
  everywhere 
  from 
  AVaio- 
  

   hinu 
  westward 
  looking 
  north 
  across 
  the 
  lava 
  flows 
  of 
  1868, 
  

   18S7 
  and 
  1907. 
  A 
  brilliant 
  radiance 
  extended 
  southeast 
  from 
  

  

  