﻿272 
  Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  

  

  vent 
  before 
  6 
  a. 
  m., 
  this 
  southwest 
  flow 
  across 
  Honomalino 
  Ranch 
  

   must 
  have 
  progressed 
  at 
  least 
  six 
  miles 
  (9*6 
  km.) 
  in 
  twelve 
  hours, 
  

   for 
  at 
  6 
  p. 
  m. 
  it 
  was 
  within 
  three 
  miles 
  (4*8 
  km.) 
  of 
  the 
  road 
  at 
  

   Honomalino. 
  The 
  settlement 
  here 
  lies 
  in 
  a 
  valley 
  and 
  the 
  flow 
  

   was 
  headed 
  directly 
  for 
  the 
  houses. 
  The 
  timber 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  

   burning 
  from 
  the 
  road 
  and 
  the 
  flowing 
  lava, 
  advancing 
  down 
  a 
  

   ten 
  degree 
  nlope, 
  from 
  the 
  housetops. 
  Detonations 
  from 
  explod- 
  

   ing 
  gas, 
  and 
  the 
  crash 
  of 
  falling 
  trees, 
  could 
  be 
  heard. 
  The 
  

   homes 
  were 
  temporarily 
  evacuated 
  but 
  fortunately 
  the 
  flow 
  

   stopped 
  at 
  this 
  point, 
  its 
  front 
  resting 
  on 
  a 
  hillside 
  forested 
  with 
  

   lehua, 
  kukui 
  and 
  guava. 
  This 
  flow 
  was 
  rugged 
  aa 
  eight 
  to 
  

   twelve 
  feet 
  (3 
  to 
  4 
  m.) 
  in 
  thickness 
  and 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  (400 
  m.) 
  

   wide 
  along 
  its 
  lower 
  course. 
  

  

  At 
  eight 
  o'clock 
  on 
  this 
  night, 
  Monday, 
  May 
  22, 
  the 
  fiery 
  radi- 
  

   ance 
  above 
  the 
  fountain 
  head 
  and 
  the 
  flows 
  probably 
  reached 
  its 
  

   greatest 
  brilliancy. 
  Unlike 
  the 
  night 
  before, 
  the 
  glow 
  was 
  now 
  

   all 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  column 
  of 
  fountain 
  fumes 
  which 
  shot 
  up 
  in 
  

   purling 
  volutes 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  spreading 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  in 
  a 
  high 
  

   cloudy 
  haze, 
  which 
  was 
  lighted 
  from 
  below 
  a 
  bright 
  red 
  from 
  the 
  

   glowing 
  river 
  of 
  melt 
  in 
  Honomalino. 
  On 
  the 
  left 
  a 
  great 
  pur- 
  

   plish 
  swirl 
  of 
  smoke 
  from 
  the 
  burning 
  forest 
  rose 
  and 
  curled 
  over 
  

   to 
  the 
  east. 
  There 
  was 
  darkness 
  over 
  the 
  Kahuku 
  flow, 
  showing 
  

   that 
  for 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  lavas 
  on 
  that 
  side 
  were 
  sluggish 
  and 
  con- 
  

   gealing. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  night 
  May 
  22-23 
  there 
  was 
  revival 
  in 
  Kahuku. 
  

   Messrs. 
  Waldron 
  and 
  Hardy 
  found 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  flow 
  

   nearl} 
  T 
  motionless 
  at 
  altitude 
  5,500 
  feet 
  (1700 
  m.) 
  by 
  aneroid. 
  At 
  

   1 
  a. 
  M. 
  May 
  23, 
  an 
  arm 
  of 
  this 
  flow 
  more 
  southerly 
  in 
  trend 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  near 
  the 
  source 
  and 
  for 
  two 
  hours 
  advanced 
  brilliantly. 
  

   Then 
  it 
  became 
  sluggish, 
  cooled 
  down 
  and 
  stopped. 
  About 
  day- 
  

   light 
  the 
  western 
  glow 
  and 
  the 
  fountaining 
  at 
  the 
  source 
  had 
  

   both 
  diminished. 
  

  

  On 
  May 
  23 
  motion 
  within 
  the 
  Honomalino 
  flow 
  diminished 
  

   rapidly. 
  In 
  the 
  morning 
  flowing 
  lava 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  and 
  trees 
  

   were 
  still 
  being 
  overturned. 
  At 
  3 
  p. 
  m. 
  high 
  ohia 
  trees 
  were 
  still 
  

   standing 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  the 
  flow, 
  their 
  trunks 
  blazing, 
  a 
  few 
  

   blocks 
  were 
  tumbling 
  at 
  the 
  front 
  but 
  no 
  pasty 
  lava 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  

   seen. 
  The 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  flow 
  resembled 
  a 
  heap 
  of 
  burning 
  anthra- 
  

   cite 
  coal, 
  with 
  flames 
  playing 
  through 
  the 
  incandescent 
  blocks, 
  

   and 
  the 
  only 
  odors 
  were 
  a 
  strong 
  smell 
  of 
  burnt 
  charcoal 
  and 
  

   occasional 
  coal-gas 
  (fig. 
  6). 
  

  

  At 
  7 
  p. 
  m. 
  the 
  glow 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  indicated 
  distinctly 
  a 
  

   revival 
  of 
  the 
  southeast 
  flow 
  toward 
  Kahuku. 
  All 
  was 
  dark 
  west 
  

   of 
  the 
  fume 
  column. 
  There 
  was 
  a 
  tapering 
  line 
  of 
  reflected 
  light 
  

   on 
  the 
  clouds 
  trending 
  south-southeast, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  direction 
  

   along 
  the 
  ground 
  below 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  a 
  low 
  straight-topped 
  film 
  

   of 
  smoke, 
  highest 
  near 
  the 
  source 
  and 
  lowest 
  at 
  the 
  lava 
  front. 
  

   Over 
  this 
  smoke 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  the 
  radiant 
  glow 
  from 
  the 
  lava. 
  

  

  May 
  24. 
  On 
  this 
  date 
  the 
  writer 
  inspected 
  the 
  Kahuku 
  flow 
  

   eight 
  miles 
  (12*8 
  km.) 
  from 
  the 
  road 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  between 
  the 
  

  

  