﻿276 
  Jagyar-^- 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Manna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  

  

  At 
  1 
  1 
  p. 
  m. 
  May 
  25 
  the 
  mountain 
  profile 
  showed 
  a 
  red 
  general 
  

   glow 
  behind 
  a 
  screen 
  of 
  cloud, 
  with 
  rapid 
  rising 
  white 
  cumulus 
  

   over 
  the 
  fountain 
  head. 
  

  

  May 
  26. 
  A 
  second 
  visit 
  to 
  the 
  Honomalino 
  flow 
  on 
  this 
  day 
  

   showed 
  that 
  it 
  had 
  cooled 
  off 
  remarkably. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  glowing 
  

   and 
  flaming 
  cavities 
  a 
  few 
  inches 
  across 
  could 
  be 
  found. 
  The 
  

   surface 
  aa 
  was 
  cold. 
  One 
  could 
  walk 
  out 
  over 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  

   flow. 
  Nearly 
  all 
  the 
  imprisoned 
  timber 
  had 
  fallen. 
  There 
  was 
  

   little 
  smoke, 
  but 
  a 
  hot 
  refraction 
  haze 
  over 
  the 
  profile 
  of 
  aa 
  

   showed 
  that 
  all 
  was 
  glowing 
  inside, 
  and 
  this 
  was 
  evident 
  when 
  

   one 
  looked 
  into 
  the 
  deep 
  cavities. 
  Rare 
  small 
  explosions 
  were 
  

   heard. 
  Many 
  leaves 
  on 
  the 
  fallen 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  flow 
  were 
  still 
  

   partially 
  green. 
  There 
  was 
  no 
  channel 
  discernible 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  this 
  arm. 
  The 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  was 
  carefully 
  measured 
  

   and 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  ten 
  degrees. 
  

  

  L. 
  A. 
  Thurston's 
  party 
  visited 
  the 
  Kahuku 
  flows. 
  Motion 
  was 
  

   seen 
  in 
  a 
  stream 
  carrying 
  a 
  procession 
  of 
  large 
  blocks 
  within 
  a 
  

   branch 
  flow 
  extending 
  south-southwest 
  from 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  main 
  flow. 
  Rapid 
  flow 
  was 
  seen 
  in 
  overriding 
  laj^ers 
  of 
  the 
  

   main 
  arm 
  upstream. 
  Vredenburg 
  made 
  his 
  way 
  on 
  foot 
  around 
  

   the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  branch, 
  which 
  he 
  found 
  nearly 
  stagnant 
  at 
  

   the 
  front 
  and 
  climbed 
  Pun 
  o 
  Keokeo, 
  a 
  cone 
  about 
  200 
  feet 
  (61m.) 
  

   high. 
  From 
  there 
  looking 
  up 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  cones 
  northward 
  he 
  saw 
  

   a 
  line 
  of 
  fuming 
  vents, 
  two 
  nearer 
  ones 
  vomiting 
  lava. 
  The 
  first 
  

   was 
  a 
  throbbing 
  pit 
  seventy-five 
  yards 
  (68 
  m.) 
  away 
  sending 
  a 
  

   stream 
  twelve 
  feet 
  (4 
  m.) 
  wide 
  towards 
  Kahuku 
  (fig. 
  5). 
  The 
  

   second, 
  much 
  farther 
  away, 
  was 
  a 
  cone 
  with 
  a 
  red 
  stream 
  flowing 
  

   down 
  its 
  Kona 
  flank. 
  The 
  thunderous 
  noise 
  under 
  foot 
  and 
  a 
  

   whiff 
  of 
  overpowering 
  1 
  sulphurous 
  gas 
  drove 
  him 
  back 
  along 
  the 
  

   line 
  of 
  white 
  stained 
  cracks 
  which 
  extends 
  from 
  Pun 
  o 
  Keokeo 
  

   to 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  1887 
  flow. 
  The 
  flows 
  of 
  1916 
  at 
  the 
  source 
  

   are 
  a 
  rough 
  pahoehoe. 
  

  

  May 
  27. 
  Messrs. 
  Farrell, 
  Bryan, 
  Forbes 
  and 
  Barnes 
  visited 
  

   the 
  source 
  region 
  from 
  Papa. 
  Mr. 
  Farrell 
  describes 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  

   fuming 
  cracks 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  eye 
  could 
  see 
  up 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  north- 
  

   northeast. 
  A 
  few 
  miles 
  northeast 
  was 
  a 
  cone 
  that 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  

   the 
  first 
  source 
  of 
  this 
  lava 
  eruption.* 
  From 
  this 
  a 
  fresh 
  flow 
  

   had 
  poured 
  southward 
  to 
  a 
  second 
  nearer 
  cone 
  which 
  was 
  spout- 
  

   ing 
  lava 
  in 
  jets 
  every 
  few 
  seconds. 
  This 
  flowed 
  down 
  in 
  a 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  Kona 
  flow 
  toward 
  Papa, 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  very 
  rough 
  

   glistening 
  sponge-like 
  black 
  pahoehoe. 
  Sulphur 
  smell 
  was 
  not 
  iced 
  

   and 
  the 
  noise 
  was 
  a 
  heavy 
  roar 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  thudding 
  fall 
  of 
  

   the 
  fountain 
  material. 
  Lava 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  motion 
  toward 
  

   Kahuku 
  from 
  the 
  vent 
  to 
  the 
  south. 
  Some 
  Pele's 
  hair 
  was 
  seen. 
  

   There 
  was 
  no 
  trembling 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  observed. 
  

  

  The 
  mountain 
  profile 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  at 
  9 
  p. 
  m. 
  on 
  May 
  27 
  

   showed 
  marked 
  dwindling 
  of 
  size 
  of 
  fume 
  column 
  and 
  of 
  glow. 
  

   The 
  fountain 
  fnme 
  rose 
  in 
  small, 
  rapid, 
  bright 
  jets 
  and 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  

   slight 
  radiance 
  extended 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  east 
  from 
  it 
  ; 
  then 
  came 
  

  

  *See 
  discussion 
  below. 
  

  

  