﻿278 
  Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Zoa, 
  1916. 
  

  

  " 
  These 
  lava 
  bits 
  seemed 
  to 
  freeze 
  tightly 
  to 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  

   cone 
  when 
  they 
  fell 
  outside." 
  At 
  this 
  time 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  

   fragments 
  that 
  overtopped 
  the 
  walls 
  in 
  both 
  jets 
  was 
  very 
  

   small 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  quantity 
  that 
  seemed 
  to 
  descend 
  per- 
  

   pendicularly 
  back 
  into 
  the 
  liquid 
  lava. 
  

  

  The 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  fountains 
  was 
  spasmodic 
  in 
  the 
  extreme. 
  

   " 
  It 
  appeared 
  that 
  we 
  had 
  reached 
  the 
  cone 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  attaining 
  

   a 
  maximum. 
  Some 
  jets 
  rose 
  in 
  a 
  futile 
  manner, 
  as 
  though 
  the 
  

   heart 
  action 
  were 
  dying 
  away, 
  but 
  another 
  would 
  spurt 
  to 
  the 
  

   former 
  height. 
  Two 
  hours 
  after 
  we 
  arrived 
  at 
  the 
  cone 
  

   the 
  fountaining 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  almost 
  done 
  ; 
  but 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  

   minutes 
  it 
  resumed 
  more 
  violently 
  than 
  ever 
  ; 
  the 
  roar 
  was 
  

   more 
  overwhelming 
  and 
  the 
  smoke 
  bank 
  soared 
  higher 
  and 
  in 
  

   a 
  livid 
  sheet 
  tinged 
  with 
  crimson." 
  

  

  Climbing 
  an 
  old 
  cone, 
  Mr. 
  Farrell 
  saw 
  the 
  white 
  streak 
  far 
  

   up 
  the 
  mountain 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  explosion 
  

   of 
  May 
  19, 
  and 
  as 
  he 
  watched 
  it 
  on 
  the 
  afternoon 
  of 
  May 
  27 
  

   he 
  observed 
  white 
  vapor 
  arising 
  in 
  two 
  cylindrical 
  pillars 
  which 
  

   joined 
  a 
  cloud 
  bank 
  hovering 
  above. 
  This 
  vapor 
  increased 
  

   " 
  filling 
  the 
  rent 
  from 
  rim 
  to 
  rim," 
  but 
  it 
  nowhere 
  rose 
  far 
  

   from 
  the 
  ground 
  except 
  at 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  high 
  columns. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Farrell 
  noted 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  tongues 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  lava 
  

   flood 
  on 
  the 
  Kona 
  side. 
  The 
  upper 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  flows 
  showed 
  

   little 
  motion 
  above. 
  " 
  Once 
  or 
  twice 
  the 
  black 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  

   river 
  shelled 
  off, 
  and 
  gleaming 
  red 
  showed 
  forth 
  for 
  a 
  minute 
  

   before 
  the 
  surface 
  cooled 
  again." 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  men 
  

   farther 
  down 
  the 
  mountain 
  saw 
  this 
  stream 
  moving 
  rapidly 
  as 
  

   aa, 
  suggesting 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  pahoehoe 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  flow 
  above 
  the 
  

   liquid 
  moved 
  in 
  tunnels, 
  whereas 
  the 
  aa 
  moves 
  in 
  overriding 
  

   surface 
  sheets. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Farrell 
  found 
  filamentous 
  lava 
  glass, 
  " 
  Pele's 
  hair," 
  

   scattered 
  in 
  wisps 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  lava 
  hundreds 
  of 
  

   yards 
  to 
  leeward 
  of 
  the 
  fountains. 
  A 
  conspicuous 
  whitish 
  sul- 
  

   phur 
  bank 
  was 
  seen 
  along 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  rift 
  giving 
  

   off 
  strong 
  sulphurous 
  fumes. 
  On 
  the 
  cone 
  occupied 
  the 
  mag- 
  

   netic 
  needle 
  of 
  a 
  hand 
  compass 
  was 
  erratic. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Farrell 
  assumed 
  in 
  his 
  account 
  that 
  the 
  source 
  rift 
  

   opened 
  first 
  in 
  the 
  northernmost 
  cone 
  seen. 
  This 
  assumption 
  is 
  

   not 
  justified 
  by 
  the 
  facts. 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  L. 
  Day 
  and 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  O. 
  

   Wood 
  explored 
  the 
  source 
  region 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June* 
  and 
  

   found 
  much 
  crystalline 
  sulphur 
  and 
  other 
  solfataric 
  staining 
  

   along 
  the 
  cracks 
  of 
  the 
  rift 
  zone 
  for 
  a 
  mile 
  above 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  

   the 
  main 
  flow 
  source, 
  the 
  latter 
  line 
  extending 
  two 
  and 
  one- 
  

   half 
  miles 
  (4 
  km.) 
  above 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keokeo. 
  The 
  solfataric 
  cracks 
  

   extended 
  to 
  an 
  old 
  cone 
  three 
  and 
  one-half 
  miles 
  (5*4 
  km.) 
  

  

  * 
  Oral 
  communication. 
  

  

  