﻿Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  279 
  

  

  north 
  of 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keokeo, 
  showed 
  only 
  a 
  little 
  lava 
  sputter 
  of 
  

   1916 
  origin, 
  and 
  ended 
  abruptly 
  at 
  this 
  cone. 
  About 
  ten 
  

   miles 
  (16 
  km.) 
  to 
  the 
  northeast 
  across 
  the 
  gently 
  swelling 
  

   desert 
  and 
  some 
  4000 
  feet 
  (1219 
  m.) 
  higher, 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  the 
  

   white 
  rent 
  in 
  the 
  basalt 
  carapace 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  whence 
  had 
  

   issued 
  the 
  fume 
  explosion 
  of 
  May 
  19. 
  If 
  we 
  examine 
  the 
  map 
  

   and 
  photograph 
  of 
  the 
  source 
  region 
  (figs. 
  4 
  and 
  5) 
  in 
  relation 
  

   to 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  events 
  cited 
  in 
  the 
  foregoing 
  Journal 
  of 
  the 
  

   eruption 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  largest 
  cluster 
  of 
  new 
  cones, 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  eastward 
  

   outbreak 
  of 
  lava, 
  the 
  most 
  voluminous 
  and 
  most 
  repeated 
  

   and 
  eastward 
  flowing, 
  were 
  all 
  from 
  the 
  southern 
  third 
  of 
  

   the 
  active 
  1916 
  rift 
  and 
  immediately 
  north 
  of 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keo- 
  

   keo. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  second 
  outbreak 
  of 
  lava, 
  making 
  the 
  southwest 
  Hono- 
  

  

  malino 
  flow 
  of 
  less 
  volume 
  than 
  the 
  Kahuku 
  flow 
  southeast, 
  

   and 
  of 
  less 
  endurance, 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  

   active 
  rift 
  and 
  farther 
  north 
  than 
  No. 
  1 
  above. 
  

  

  (3) 
  During 
  the 
  closing 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  eruption 
  May 
  30-31 
  

  

  Messrs. 
  Wood* 
  and 
  Lycurgus 
  reported 
  that 
  conspicuous 
  

   activity 
  of 
  the 
  dying 
  cones 
  was 
  seen 
  in 
  sputtering 
  vents 
  of 
  

   the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  still 
  glowing 
  heaps 
  of 
  lava 
  

   and 
  cinder 
  which 
  marked 
  the 
  rift 
  line. 
  This 
  and 
  the 
  sol- 
  

   fataric 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  active 
  belt, 
  

   sulphur 
  deposits 
  being 
  distinctive 
  of 
  waning 
  eruptivity, 
  

   would 
  imply 
  that 
  the 
  third 
  stage 
  of 
  activity 
  on 
  the 
  source 
  

   rift 
  north 
  of 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keokeo 
  was 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  third 
  

   of 
  the 
  1916 
  fissure. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  early 
  morning 
  of 
  May 
  22 
  

   we 
  saw 
  new 
  fume 
  columns 
  developing 
  northward 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  

   jets 
  like 
  a 
  moving 
  locomotive, 
  as 
  we 
  looked 
  from 
  Kahuku 
  

   gate 
  toward 
  the 
  eruptive 
  center. 
  During 
  the 
  preceding 
  night 
  

   the 
  southeast 
  flow 
  was 
  in 
  action. 
  The 
  following 
  day 
  and 
  night 
  

   produced 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  flow. 
  The 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  

   journal 
  accentuates 
  eastward 
  flow 
  on 
  the 
  nights 
  of 
  May 
  22. 
  23, 
  

   24, 
  25 
  and 
  27, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  morning 
  of 
  May 
  28 
  describes 
  slow 
  

   eastward 
  flow 
  from 
  the 
  large 
  southern 
  cone 
  and 
  sputter 
  from 
  

   the 
  northern 
  one. 
  

  

  All 
  of 
  these 
  facts 
  appear 
  to 
  mean 
  that 
  the 
  lava 
  outbreak 
  

   May 
  21 
  near 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keokeo 
  did 
  not 
  split 
  its 
  way 
  down 
  the 
  

   mountain 
  from 
  the 
  high 
  gas 
  vent 
  of 
  two 
  days 
  before, 
  but 
  

   welled 
  up 
  independently 
  at 
  the 
  Puu 
  o 
  Keokeo 
  center, 
  and 
  then 
  

   split 
  its 
  way 
  northward, 
  the 
  maximum 
  outflow 
  of 
  the 
  rift 
  

   being 
  from 
  near 
  this 
  center 
  and 
  eastward, 
  the 
  secondary 
  west- 
  

   ern 
  flow 
  emerging 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  fissure 
  a 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  

   (2*4 
  km.) 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  and 
  the 
  final 
  solfataric 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  *Bull. 
  Hawaiian 
  Vole. 
  Obs'y, 
  June, 
  1916. 
  

  

  