﻿Jaggar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  283 
  

  

  it, 
  was 
  quite 
  different. 
  I 
  fancied 
  if 
  one 
  could 
  have 
  examined 
  the 
  

   flooring 
  underneath, 
  one 
  would 
  have 
  found 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  deep- 
  

   scored 
  surfaces 
  left 
  by 
  the 
  march 
  of 
  the 
  glaciers. 
  In 
  the 
  faint 
  

   light 
  of 
  the 
  stars 
  and 
  the 
  reflected 
  glow 
  from 
  the 
  clouds 
  overhead, 
  

   there 
  was 
  no 
  discoverable 
  movement 
  of 
  the 
  mass, 
  as 
  a 
  mass. 
  The 
  

   forefront 
  of 
  it, 
  always 
  preserving 
  its 
  appearance 
  of 
  solidity 
  but 
  

   always 
  changing 
  and 
  always 
  renewed 
  from 
  the 
  rear, 
  stumbled 
  on 
  

   blindly 
  downhill. 
  Thirty 
  feet 
  behind 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  recurring 
  frac- 
  

   tures, 
  a 
  cross 
  check 
  on 
  fixed 
  objects 
  revealed 
  no 
  motion 
  discerni- 
  

   ble 
  to 
  the 
  unaided 
  eye 
  during 
  a 
  period 
  which 
  saw 
  the 
  toe 
  of 
  the 
  

   flow 
  advance 
  perceptibly. 
  

  

  Twelve 
  hours 
  after 
  our 
  first 
  sight 
  of 
  the 
  Kahuku 
  flow 
  it 
  had 
  

   become 
  virtually 
  stationary. 
  The 
  tinkling, 
  crumbling 
  clatter 
  of 
  

   tiny 
  fragments 
  was 
  still 
  audible, 
  but 
  the 
  movement 
  of 
  masses 
  had 
  

   ceased." 
  

  

  On 
  May 
  23 
  in 
  the 
  morning 
  the 
  Honomalino 
  flow 
  at 
  its 
  front 
  

   had 
  cooled 
  to 
  a 
  degree 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  one 
  described 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Hardy 
  and 
  was 
  described 
  as 
  moving 
  very 
  slowly, 
  making 
  loud 
  

   explosive 
  noises 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  hot 
  lava 
  on 
  

   vegetation, 
  and 
  cracking 
  open 
  at 
  its 
  front 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  reveal 
  cherry 
  

   red 
  mobile 
  lava 
  in 
  a 
  semi-solid 
  condition. 
  By 
  the 
  afternoon 
  of 
  

   that 
  day 
  there 
  was 
  hardly 
  any 
  motion 
  and 
  the 
  lava 
  front 
  

   resembled 
  a 
  heap 
  of 
  blackened 
  cinders 
  with 
  bluish 
  flame 
  

   through 
  them. 
  

  

  Close 
  of 
  the 
  Eruption 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  Mauna 
  Loa 
  eruption 
  of 
  1916 
  

   came 
  to 
  an 
  end 
  suddenly. 
  As 
  in 
  other 
  volcanic 
  eruptions 
  it 
  

   began 
  by 
  an 
  escape 
  of 
  gas 
  and 
  probably 
  very 
  light 
  lava 
  foam 
  

   from 
  a 
  high 
  orifice. 
  This 
  was 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  more 
  voluminous 
  

   but 
  still 
  frothy 
  magma 
  from 
  fissures 
  4000 
  feet 
  (1200 
  m.) 
  lower, 
  

   this 
  fluid 
  poured 
  right 
  and 
  left 
  from 
  six 
  to 
  eight 
  miles 
  (10 
  to 
  

   13 
  km.) 
  in 
  both 
  directions 
  and 
  gas 
  appears 
  everywhere 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  the 
  dominant 
  uplifting 
  and 
  propelling 
  agent 
  causing 
  high 
  

   jets 
  that 
  built 
  pumice 
  and 
  lava 
  cones 
  along 
  the 
  fissure, 
  per- 
  

   meating 
  the 
  magma 
  to 
  produce 
  extreme 
  vesicularity, 
  flaming, 
  

   subdivision 
  into 
  aa 
  fragments, 
  intense 
  oxidation 
  and 
  strong 
  

   exhalation 
  of 
  carbon 
  and 
  sulphur 
  gases, 
  the 
  latter 
  chiefly 
  at 
  the 
  

   vents. 
  During 
  the 
  closing 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  eruption 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  

   gas 
  phenomena 
  ceased 
  gradually 
  from 
  the 
  fronts 
  of 
  the 
  longest 
  

   flows 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  rift 
  source. 
  The 
  last 
  activity 
  appears 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  gas 
  and 
  pumiceous 
  lava 
  spurting 
  in 
  the 
  cones, 
  slug- 
  

   gish 
  pahoehoe 
  near 
  them 
  and 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  sulphur 
  and 
  

   sulphates 
  along 
  the 
  upper 
  cracks. 
  

  

  The 
  period 
  May 
  31 
  to 
  June 
  5 
  was 
  not 
  recorded 
  by 
  direct 
  

   observation 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  outflow 
  on 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  

   is 
  entirely 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  last-named 
  date 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  

  

  