﻿Jagyar 
  — 
  Lava 
  Flow 
  from 
  Manna 
  Loa, 
  1916. 
  285 
  

  

  Mav 
  30 
  283 
  feet 
  ( 
  86'3 
  m.) 
  

  

  May 
  31 
  286 
  " 
  ( 
  87*3 
  m.) 
  

  

  June 
  2 
  295 
  " 
  ( 
  89'9 
  m.) 
  

  

  June 
  3 
  293 
  " 
  ( 
  89-3 
  in.) 
  

  

  June 
  4 
  302 
  " 
  ( 
  92*1 
  m.) 
  

  

  June 
  5, 
  2:30 
  p.m. 
  549 
  " 
  (167*4 
  m.) 
  

  

  June 
  6, 
  noon, 
  673 
  " 
  (205-1 
  m.) 
  

  

  June 
  7-22 
  rising 
  

  

  June 
  23 
  592 
  u 
  (180-3 
  m.) 
  

  

  After 
  May 
  30 
  large 
  blocks 
  of 
  the 
  inner 
  bench 
  of 
  overflow 
  

   began 
  to 
  crack 
  and 
  occasionally 
  were 
  engulfed 
  in 
  the 
  lava 
  pool. 
  

   After 
  several 
  days 
  of 
  remarkably 
  quiet 
  action 
  in 
  the 
  lake 
  with 
  

   thick 
  blankets 
  of 
  skin 
  on 
  the 
  magma 
  and 
  sluggish 
  fountaining, 
  

   there 
  began 
  on 
  the 
  evening 
  of 
  June 
  4 
  turbulent 
  effervescence 
  

   of 
  large 
  gas 
  fountains, 
  increased 
  rapidity 
  of 
  convectional 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  streaming 
  and 
  the 
  tumbling 
  of 
  avalanches. 
  

  

  The 
  seismographs 
  indicated 
  a 
  growing 
  swarm 
  of 
  narrowly 
  

   localized 
  earthquakes 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  following 
  twenty- 
  four 
  

   hours, 
  night 
  and 
  day, 
  these 
  were 
  frequently 
  perceptible 
  both 
  

   at 
  the 
  Observatory 
  and 
  at 
  Halemaumau 
  as 
  small 
  earthquakes 
  

   or 
  as 
  prolonged 
  trembling 
  sufficient 
  to 
  rattle 
  windows. 
  They 
  

   were 
  not 
  accompanied 
  with 
  seismic 
  noises. 
  

  

  June 
  5, 
  1916, 
  was 
  a 
  day 
  forever 
  memorable 
  in 
  the 
  annals 
  of 
  

   Kilauea 
  volcano, 
  like 
  July 
  11, 
  1894, 
  when 
  there 
  had 
  been 
  a 
  

   similar 
  subsidence 
  of 
  220 
  feet 
  (67*1 
  m.) 
  in 
  twenty-three 
  hours.* 
  

   By 
  actual 
  survey 
  the 
  lava 
  lake, 
  which 
  was 
  340 
  feet 
  (103*7 
  m.) 
  

   below 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  pit 
  at 
  8:30 
  a. 
  m., 
  June 
  5, 
  1916, 
  sank 
  200 
  

   feet 
  (61 
  m.) 
  in 
  seven 
  hours, 
  or 
  about 
  30 
  feet 
  (9 
  m.) 
  an 
  hour; 
  

   and 
  during 
  the 
  following 
  twenty-one 
  hours 
  the 
  lava 
  subsided 
  

   another 
  133 
  feet 
  (41 
  m.) 
  The 
  rate 
  of 
  drainage 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  

   very 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  described 
  for 
  1894 
  by 
  L. 
  A. 
  Thurstonf 
  

   who 
  wrote 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  column 
  fell 
  steadily 
  at 
  the 
  

   rate 
  of 
  about 
  twenty 
  feet 
  (6 
  m.) 
  an 
  hour 
  from 
  10 
  a. 
  m. 
  to 
  

  

  8 
  P. 
  M. 
  

  

  The 
  effects 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  were 
  the 
  same, 
  crashing 
  avalanches 
  

   and 
  spectacular 
  avalanche 
  clouds 
  of 
  dust, 
  seething 
  lava 
  foam, 
  

   benches 
  falling 
  inward 
  bodily 
  (fig. 
  8) 
  and 
  disclosing 
  red-hot 
  

   parting 
  planes, 
  incandescent 
  debris 
  slopes 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  closing- 
  

   stages 
  of 
  the 
  cataclysm, 
  pahoehoe 
  lava 
  springs 
  welling 
  out 
  from 
  

   wall 
  fissures 
  which 
  made 
  fiery 
  cascades 
  down 
  the 
  inner 
  slopes 
  

   to 
  the 
  remnant 
  pool 
  beneath.^ 
  

  

  The 
  islands 
  in 
  the 
  1916 
  event 
  sank 
  bodily 
  with 
  the 
  lake 
  as 
  

   though 
  the 
  solidified 
  saucer, 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  pro- 
  

  

  *W. 
  T. 
  Brigham, 
  Memoirs 
  B. 
  P. 
  Bishop 
  Museum, 
  No. 
  2, 
  vol. 
  iv, 
  Honolulu. 
  

   p. 
  187. 
  

   f 
  Loe. 
  cit. 
  

   i 
  Described 
  more 
  fully, 
  Bull. 
  Hawaiian 
  Vole. 
  Obs'y, 
  June, 
  1916, 
  p. 
  47. 
  

  

  