﻿W. 
  H. 
  Twenhofel 
  — 
  Granite 
  Bowlders. 
  363 
  

  

  Art. 
  XXXIII. 
  — 
  Granite 
  Boivlders 
  in 
  (?) 
  the 
  Pennsylvanian 
  

   Strata 
  of 
  Kansas 
  ; 
  by 
  W. 
  H. 
  Twenhofel. 
  

  

  Introduction. 
  

  

  From 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  granite 
  has 
  been 
  reported 
  from 
  deep 
  

   wells 
  of 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  east 
  Kansas. 
  On 
  investigation 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  reported 
  granites 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  other 
  kinds 
  

   of 
  rocks, 
  or 
  without 
  basis 
  in 
  fact. 
  In 
  a 
  few 
  instances 
  final 
  

   judgment 
  had 
  to 
  be 
  reserved. 
  The 
  1915 
  boom 
  in 
  oil 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  together 
  with 
  very 
  conspicuous 
  cases 
  of 
  granites 
  reported 
  

   from 
  two 
  wells 
  near 
  Zeandale, 
  a 
  small 
  village 
  about 
  eight 
  

   miles 
  east 
  of 
  Manhattan, 
  Kansas, 
  brought 
  so 
  many 
  inquiries 
  to 
  

   the 
  Kansas 
  University 
  Geological 
  Survey, 
  and 
  the 
  possibility 
  

   of 
  encountering 
  granites 
  in 
  drilling 
  was 
  having 
  such 
  a 
  clepreci- 
  

   ative 
  effect 
  on 
  further 
  development, 
  that 
  Professor 
  E. 
  Ha 
  worth, 
  

   the 
  State 
  Geologist, 
  carefully 
  investigated 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  reported 
  

   cases 
  of 
  granite 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  definitely 
  ascertain, 
  if 
  it 
  were 
  pos- 
  

   sible, 
  whether 
  such 
  actually 
  had 
  been 
  reached 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  

   deep 
  wells.* 
  

  

  In 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  Zeandale 
  wells 
  granite 
  was 
  reported 
  at 
  a 
  strat- 
  

   igraphic 
  level 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  interval 
  between 
  the 
  

   Oread 
  and 
  Iola 
  limestones. 
  In 
  one 
  it 
  was 
  struck 
  at 
  nine 
  hun- 
  

   dred 
  and 
  fifty-eight 
  feet 
  and 
  drilling 
  was 
  continued 
  to 
  one 
  

   thousand 
  and 
  ninety-three 
  feet 
  without 
  penetrating 
  the 
  granite, 
  

   although 
  curiously, 
  the 
  log 
  of 
  the 
  well 
  showed 
  that 
  thirty-two 
  

   feet 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  granite 
  the 
  drill 
  had 
  passed 
  through 
  a 
  

   twelve-inch 
  bed 
  of 
  shale. 
  In 
  the 
  other 
  well 
  granite 
  was 
  struck 
  

   at 
  nine 
  hundred 
  and 
  forty-five 
  feet 
  and 
  continued 
  drilling 
  

   encountered 
  no 
  lithic 
  change. 
  A 
  careful 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  

   cuttings 
  which 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  wells 
  showed 
  

   unquestionable 
  fragments 
  of 
  unweathered 
  granite. 
  Haworth's 
  

   conclusions 
  were 
  to 
  the 
  effect 
  that 
  the 
  granitic 
  rocks 
  which 
  

   were 
  derived 
  from 
  these 
  two 
  wells, 
  and 
  which 
  perhaps 
  had 
  also 
  

   been 
  found 
  in 
  others, 
  are 
  probably 
  firmly 
  cemented 
  sediments 
  

   which 
  came 
  from 
  rocks 
  of 
  a 
  granitic 
  character 
  and, 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  

   illustration, 
  he 
  called 
  attention 
  to 
  a 
  rock 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  age 
  which 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  Phillips 
  County, 
  Kansas, 
  and 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  firmly 
  

   cemented 
  granitic 
  gravels 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Pocky 
  Mountains. 
  

   This 
  rock 
  resembles 
  granite 
  so 
  closely 
  that 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  quarried 
  

   and 
  used 
  as 
  paving 
  blocks 
  under 
  that 
  name. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  field 
  season 
  of 
  1916, 
  while 
  examining 
  territory 
  

   in 
  Wilson 
  and 
  Woodson 
  counties 
  in 
  the 
  interest 
  of 
  the 
  Fre- 
  

   donia 
  Gas 
  Company, 
  the 
  present 
  writer 
  found 
  granite 
  bowlders 
  

   which 
  it 
  is 
  fairly 
  certain 
  came 
  from 
  Pennsylvanian 
  strata. 
  

  

  * 
  Haworth, 
  Bull. 
  2, 
  Kansas 
  Univ. 
  Geol. 
  Sm\, 
  1915. 
  

  

  